Enterococcus faecalis e faecalis

The E. spiralis stem was collected from the forest in Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia before being chopped and grounded to obtain E. spiralis stem powder. The silver nitrate was purchased from Acros organic, USA and was used without any purification. The deionized water from the ELGA Lab-Water/VWS (UK) purification system was used throughout the experiment. Four species of bacteria, including two Gram-positive species Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (ATCC 29212) as well as two Gram-negative species Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 25922) and Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) (ATCC 33420) were bought from Choice Care Sdn. Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The stock culture was prepared in the Mueller Hinton broth (Difco, Malaysia) and incubated at 37°C overnight. For further usage, the stock culture was kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of 4–8°C.

Freeze dried S. aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) (ATCC 12228), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (ATCC 13115), E. coli* (ATCC 15597), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (ATCC 29212), and Enterococcus casseliflavus (E. casseliflavus) (ATCC 9199) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and revived according to ATCC protocols. ATCC bacteria culture stocks were stored at −80 °C in a cryomedium to glycerol ratio of 3:2. When needed, bacteria cultures were inoculated into the brain hearth infusion (BHI) liquid media and incubated at 37 °C.