Xforce p load cell

Compression tests were performed using a ZwickiLine uniaxial compression testing machine (Zwick Roell, Ulm, Germany) equipped with a 500 N load cell (Xforce P load cell) on two mature and two teneral adults to measure the load-carrying capacity of the exoskeleton. After specimens were completely thawed at room temperature, they were placed in the center of a sample holder (102.34 × 89.79 mm). Two small pieces of rough sandpaper were glued at the surface of the sample holder and at the tip of the load cell (diameter: 14 mm) to avoid slippage of the specimens (Figure 1A). The load cell compressed the specimens dorsally at a constantly increasing displacement of 1 mm/min. After reaching the maximal displacement of 4 mm followed by a three-second pause, the displacement was constantly decreased at a speed of 5 mm/min until complete unloading was achieved. The amount of the force and displacement were recorded using the test software testXpert (v. 3.5, Zwick Roell, Ulm, Germany). The testing process was recorded using a camera (D5300, Nikon Co., Tokyo, Japan) equipped with a macro lens (EF100 mm, Canon Inc., Tokyo, Japan).

Tensile experiments were performed on a Zwick Roell servohydraulic testing machine equipped with an Xforce P load cell with a maximum capacity of 100 N. The vertical tensile test measurement was carried out at 21 °C and 55 % relative humidity. Specimens were tested at a strain rate of 30 mm/min. The data present an average of 5 specimens.