Inside a nitrogen glove box, 2 − 4 mg of spray freeze dried or freeze dried powders were loaded into hermetic aluminum pans and sealed. These pans were then loaded in a Discovery Series DSC 25 differential scanning calorimeter (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE). The samples were heated from −5°C to 180°C with a ramp rate of 1°C/min and a modulation of ±1°C every 120 s. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) were determined by analyzing the data using the TRIOS software package (v4.3.0, TA instruments, New Castle, DE).
Trios software package
Manufactured by TA Instruments
Sourced in United States
The TRIOS software package is a data analysis and instrument control software developed by TA Instruments. It provides a platform for the acquisition, analysis, and visualization of data from various TA Instruments laboratory equipment.
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8 protocols using trios software package
1
Thermal Analysis of Spray Freeze-Dried Powders
2
Thermal Characterization of Peptide-Lipid Interactions
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DSC analysis was done using a TA instrument (DSC Q25). MLVs were prepared using 2 mg of lipid and three peptide dilutions to give different peptide–lipid ratios: 1:100, 1:50, and 1:25; HEPES buffer was used as a reference solution. Samples were encapsulated in standard aluminum DSC pans and the scanning was carried out over an 8–40 °C temperature at a heating rate of 1 °C min−1. Thermograms were acquired and analyzed using Trios software package (TA Instruments) in order to obtain the temperature of phase transition (Tm) and the transition enthalpy (ΔH).
3
Thermodynamic Analysis of Peptide-Lipid Interactions
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DSC analysis was made using a DSC Q25 (TA instrument, New Castle, DE, USA). MLVs were prepared using 1 mg of lipids to give two peptide–lipid ratios: 1:50 and 1:10. HEPES buffer was used as a reference solution. Samples were encapsulated in standard aluminum DSC pans, and scanning was carried out over a range of 10 °C–40 °C at a heating rate of 1 °C/min. Thermograms were acquired and analyzed using the Trios software package (TA Instruments) to obtain the phase transition temperature (Tm), the transition enthalpy (DH), and the FWHM.
4
Rheological Characterization of Oleogels and Bigels
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Rheological measurements were taken of the oleogel and bigel samples using a rheometer (Discovery HR2, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA), equipped with a flat parallel plate geometry (stainless steel, 50 mm diameter, 1000 µm gap). The samples were placed carefully on the plate and covered with a solvent trap to avoid water evaporation. The TRIOS software package (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) was used to control the equipment and to acquire rheological parameters. The steady-shear flow measurements were taken at 25 °C in a shear rate range of 1–1000 s−1. The range of linear viscosity values for the samples was obtained from the elastic modulus (G’) vs. the oscillatory strain (%) plot. Thus, the viscoelastic behavior of the samples was measured under oscillatory at 1 Hz and from 0.001 to 20%. In the frequency sweep test, the temperature was held at 25 °C, and the response of the moduli (G’, G″, Tan δ) to increasing frequency (0.1 to 100 Hz) at a strain of 0.01% within the linear viscosity region was measured. Finally, temperature sweep tests were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the oleogels from 5 °C to 90 °C, at a linear heating rate of 5 °C/min, a shear strain of 0.01%, and 1 Hz. Three replicates of each sample were recorded for every test.
5
Differential Scanning Calorimetry of Powders
6
Polystyrene Melt Rheology Characterization
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In this paper, we used the viscosity and shear rate data of polystyrene melt, which was obtained by small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) measurements by Huang et al. [30 (link)]. The values were approximated with complex viscosity vs. angular frequency by the Cox–Merz rule [1 ,31 (link)]. In addition to the experimental data, the shift factors were also obtained using the TRIOS software package from TA Instruments.
7
Modulated Differential Calorimetry for Thermal Analysis
8
Rheological Analysis of SG Suspensions
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Viscoelastic properties of the SG suspensions (10% w/v) were measured using a rheometer (Discovery HR2, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Flow curve measurements were carried out using a cone geometry (stainless steel, 40 mm diameter, 0:30:7 angle, and 15 μm truncation), whereas oscillatory tests were performed using a flat plate geometry (stainless steel, 50 mm diameter). During analysis, the samples were covered with a solvent trap to avoid water evaporation. Data analysis was conducted using the TRIOS software package (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). All analysis was carried out using at least five replicates.
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