Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Kits for ALT measurement were purchased from Span diagnostic Ltd., India. Ammonium sulphate [(NH4)₂SO₄], 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) [DTNB, (Ellman’s reagent)], ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH), nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), phenazine methosulphate (PMT), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), reduced glutathione (GSH), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), sodium pyrophosphate, trichloro acetic acid (TCA), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), tris buffer, vitamin C were of the highest analytical grade and were bought from Sisco research laboratory (Mumbai, India). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Bradford reagent were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company, (St. Louis) USA. Antibodies such as anti Caspase-3 (ab47131), anti Caspase-8 (ab25901), anti Bid (ab77815), anti Bcl2 (ab7973), anti cytochrome c (ab76237), anti p38 (ab47363), anti JNK (ab76572), Phospho JNK (ab4821), anti Bax (ab32503), anti PI3k (ab74136), anti Akt (ab17785), Phospho Akt (ab23509), HRP (ab97051) were purchased from abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti NFkB (#3034), Phospho NFkB (#3031), Phospho p38 (#9211), anti PARP (46D11) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA 01923).

2ʹ,7ʹ-Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate (DCFDA), β-Endorphin, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), Trolox, Vanadium chloride (III) and Xylenol orange were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), o-dianisidine dihydrochloride (ODD), methionine, Glutathione reduced (GSH), glutathione oxidised, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH), hydroxylamine hydrochloride and riboflavin were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratory (Mumbai, India). Sodium azide, 5, 5-Dithiobis-2-Nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) and 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, (CDNB) were purchased from Loba chem. (India).

Streptozotocin was procured from Hi-media (Mumbai, India). Ammonium sulphate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 2,4-dinitro-phenyl-hydrazine, 5,5-di-thio-bi(2-nitrobenzoic acid), potassium dihydrogen phosphate, N-ethylmaleimide, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nitro blue tetrazolium, sodium pyrophosphate, phenazinemethosulphate, thiobarbituric acid, reduced glutathione, sodium azide, trichloro acetic acid and 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid were obtained from Sisco Research Laboratory (India). Bradford reagent, antibodies and bovine serum albumin were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). The kits for different assays for different biochemical parameters were purchased from Span diagnostic Ltd., India. All other reagents and chemicals used were of analytical grade.