Miniflex 2 x ray diffractometer

The PANI/SA nanocomposite was synthesized by a chemical oxidative polymerization method using APS as the oxidant with minor modification of the procedure reported elsewhere.^{26 (link)} In a typical method, 0.1 g of SA was dissolved in 200 mL of 0.1 M NaOH at 60 °C for 6 h. Then, 0.5 mL of aniline was added to the above solution at 35 °C with stirring for 1 h and the resulting solution was cooled to 0 °C. The pH value was adjusted to 7 by adding 0.1 M HCl, and then aqueous solution of APS (0.9 g of APS) along with 2 mL of 0.1 M HCl was added to the solution mixture at 0 °C, and stirred for 24 h. The resulting product was collected by centrifugation and washed with deionized water several times and finally, PANI/SA was dried at 50 °C in a vacuum desiccator. The nanocomposite was characterized by TGA, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), TEM and Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR spectra were obtained by using a PerkinElmer Spectrum-2000 (FTIR) spectrophotometer between 400 and 4000 cm⁻¹. The SEM measurements were carried out using the Zeiss EVO50 scanning electron microscope. The X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on a Rigaku Miniflex II X-ray diffractometer using CuKα as the source. TEM images were observed on a Jeol JEM F-200 transmission electron microscope.