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89 protocols using tecnai f20 microscope

1

Cryo-TEM Imaging of Liposomes

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The samples were prepared in the same way as described in the Laurdan-stained liposomes preparation without adding Laurdan.
A 4-μL aliquot of sample was deposited on an EM grid coated with a perforated carbon film. After draining the excess liquid with a filter paper, grids were plunge-frozen into liquid ethane cooled by liquid nitrogen using a Leica EMCPC cryo-chamber (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). For cryo-TEM observation, grids were mounted onto a Gatan 626 cryoholder and transferred to a Tecnai F20 microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific) operated at 200 kV. Images were recorded with an Eagle 2k CCD camera (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA).
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2

Transmission Electron Microscopy Protocol

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Samples from high‐pressure fixation and microwave fixation were thin sectioning, stained, and imaged as described in Froelich et al. (Froelich et al., 2011). In short, thin sections of 70–100 nm were taken with a Reichert Ultracut R Ultramicrotome, collected on formvar‐coated slot grids, poststained for 20 min in 2% aqueous uranyl acetate, and 8 min in Reynold's lead and imaged with a ThermoScientific Tecnai F20 microscope. Thick sections of 500–1,000 nm were collected for light microscopy check.
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Cryo-EM Sample Preparation Protocol

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Samples were prepared on a Gatan CP3 plunge freezing device (Gatan, Warrendale, PA, USA). Briefly, 3 μL of sample were applied to glow-discharged Quantifoil grids in an atmosphere of > 80% humidity (Quantifoil, Großlöbichau, Germany). Grids were blotted for 1–2 s then plunged into liquid ethane at − 174 °C. Grids were stored in liquid nitrogen for transport to a Tecnai F20 microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), and imaged immediately. Images were collected on a Tietz F415 camera (TVIPS, Gauting, Germany) under low dose conditions at 19000X (8.8 A/pixel) using SerialEM software (University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA).
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Electrolyte Leakage and Chlorophyll Content Analysis

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Electrolyte leakage was calculated according to a previous study [62 ]. First, 0.2 g of fresh leaves were taken in 10 mL of distilled water and put in a shaker incubator for 2 h at 32 °C. EC1 was calculated with an EC meter for all the samples, which were then placed again at 121 °C for 20 min and cooled at 25 °C to measure the EC2. The following formula was used to measure the electrolyte leakage: EL (%)= EC1EC2×100
For chlorophyll content, 0.2 g of fresh leaf extract in 80% acetone was centrifuged for 10 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was collected, and absorbances were taken for chlorophyll a (chl-a) and chlorophyll b (chl-b) at 663 nm and 645 nm with a multi-detection microplate reader, CYTATION3, BioTek USA (BioTek, Winooski, VT, USA). Total chlorophyll content was measured by adding chl-a and chl-b [63 (link)]. For transmission electron microscopy, 1–2 mm leaf pieces in fixative solution (2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M of phosphate buffer) were taken, and after dehydration, the samples were stained and imaged with a ThermoScientific Tecnai F20 microscope, USA [64 (link)].
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5

Negative Staining for Electron Microscopy

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Fresh samples from peak fractions following size-exclusion chromatography (3 μL) were applied onto carbon-coated copper grids that had been glow discharged for 60 s. Grids were negatively stained with 5 μL of 0.75% w/v fresh uranyl formate for 30 s. Images were acquired using a 200-keV Tecnai F20 microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific) equipped with a Gatan K2 Summit direct electron detector (Gatan, Pleasanton CA).
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6

Cryogenic Imaging of Polymersome Dispersions

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Four microliters of 2 mg/mL polymersome dispersions were dropped onto glow discharged carbon-coated lacey copper grids (300 mesh; Electron Microscopy Science). Samples were blotted in a commercial vitrification system (Vitrobot Mark IV; Thermo Fisher) and after plunge freezing the grids were transferred at −178 °C into a Gatan 626 cryoholder (Gatan) and imaged in a Tecnai F20 microscope (Thermo Fisher) operated at 200 kV. Resulting cryo-EM images were recorded with a BM-Ceta camera (4,096 × 4,096 pixels; Thermo Fisher).
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7

CSTET Imaging of WI-38 and HDMEC Cells

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CSTET of WI-38 cells and HDMECs was performed as described previously (44 (link)). Briefly, bright-field STEM tomograms of both cell types were collected on a Tecnai F20 microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific, FEI) at 200 kV, recorded in 2° increments between −60° and +60° tilts. Spatial sampling was set between 1 and 4 nm per pixel. Doses were limited to 1 to 3 e2.
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8

Cryo-EM Sample Preparation Protocol

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A 4 μL aliquot was placed onto an EM grid coated with a perforated carbon film. Excess liquid was removed with filter paper, and grids were plunge-frozen into liquid ethane cooled by liquid nitrogen using a Leica EMCPC cryo-chamber (Leica Microsystems, Milton Keynes, UK). For Cryo-EM observation, grids were mounted onto a Gatan 626 cryoholder (Gatan Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA) and transferred to a Tecnai F20 microscope (ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA, USA) operated at 200 kV. Images were captured with an Eagle 2k CCD camera (FEI, Hillsboro, OR, USA).
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9

Cryo-EM Imaging of 2D-MNBs

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Frozen hydrated samples were prepared by applying
a 3 μL aliquot of 2D-MNBs to a previously glow discharged QUANTIFOIL
holey carbon grid (Cu 200 mesh 2/1, Nanovision, Italy). The grids
were vitrified into liquid ethane using a FEI Vitrobot Mark IV cryo-plunger
(Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Images of the samples were taken
at cryogenic temperature (−170 °C) using a Tecnai F20
microscope(Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), equipped with a Field Emission
gun operating at an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, with a US1000
Gatan CCD camera and an FEI automatic cryo-box. For the cryo-electron
tomography (CET), the tilt series were collected by tilting the vitrified
sample over ±66° with the following tilt sequence: starting
from 0° to ±48 with a tilt step of 3°; then from ±48°
to ±66° with a tilt step of 2°. The cryo-EM imaging
was carried out at a final object pixel of 3.6 Å, with a total
dose of ∼90 e2 in order
to limit specimen damage. Computation of the tomogram was carried
out with the IMOD software package using a WBP-based algorithm.56 (link) Segmentation and 3D visualization were carried
out using the Amira package (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA).”
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10

Cryo-EM Imaging of Concentrated Virions

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At least 20 ml (10 ml per T75 flask per condition per preparation) of pre-cleared culture supernatants from 48 h infections were inactivated with paraformaldehyde (PFA; final concentration 4%) for > 2 h and concentrated by centrifugation at 47000g through a 20%(w/v) sucrose cushion for 90min 16°C. Concentrated virions were immediately re-suspended in cold 50 μl of EM-gradel Hepes buffered saline for subsequent EM processing. A Lacey carbon film EM grid was held in tweezers and 4-5 μL of sample solution was applied on the grid. The tweezers are mounted in an automatic plunge freezing apparatus (Vitrobot, ThermoFisher) to control humidity and temperature. After blotting, the grid was immersed in a small metal container with liquid ethane that is cooled from outside by liquid nitrogen. The speed of cooling is such that ice crystals do not have time to form. Observation was made at -170°C in a Tecnai F 20 microscope (ThermoFisher) operating at 200 kV equipped with a cryo-specimen holder Gatan 626 (AMETEK). Digital images were recorded with a Falcon III (ThermoFisher) camera 4098 X 4098 pixels. Magnification of 50000X with a pixel size of 0.2nm, using a defocus range from -2μm to -3μm.
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