Acetone

Arbocel UFC100 Ultrafine Cellulose for Paper and Board Coating from J. Rettenmaier & Soehne (Rosenberg, Germany) was employed in the following research (fiber length: 8–14 µm, density: 1.3 g/cm³, pH: 5.0–7.5). Furthermore, the investigated biopolymer was treated with maleic anhydride (MA) provided by Sigma-Aldrich^® (Darmstadt, Germany). All experiments were carried out in the presence of various organic solvents: acetone (A), ethanol—99.9% (E) and hexane (H) which were purchased from Chempur^® (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Some crucial properties of the organic solvents are presented in Table 1.
In order to prepare the composite samples, a thermoplastic elastomer, namely ethylene–norbornene copolymer (TOPAS Elastomer E-140 from TOPAS Advanced Polymers, Runheim, Germany) was employed. It is an interesting alternative to traditional flexible materials for use in many areas, such as medical devices, articles for the optical or packaging industry, injection molding.

Chloroform (98.5% vol)
and acetone (99.5% vol) were purchased from ChemPur, n-hexane (99% vol) was purchased from Avantor Performance Materials,
and N-methylpyrrolidone (99.5% vol) was purchased
from Alfa Aesar, while acetonitrile (ACN) (anhydrous, 99.8% vol) and
TFA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All solvents were used as received,
without any preceding purification.
The chemical structures
of the investigated model compounds (Az) and PAzs are shown in Figure 1. The model compounds are aromatic heterocyclic diamines consisting
of a diimine system resulting from the condensation of an excess of
diamine toward dialdehyde. The PAz compounds are products
of polycondensation of equimolar amounts of diamine with dialdehyde.
The variation in the chemical structure is similar in both types of
compounds. The first one (1) consists of an unsubstituted benzene
ring, the (2) phenylene group is substituted by methoxy
side groups, while the (3) methyl groups in alkoxy side
chains were elongated to n-octyl. All these compounds
were characterized in detail in previous papers.^{9 (link),19 (link)}The protonation process was carried out by adding appropriate amounts
of the dopant into the solution of the neat imine (2:1, 4:1, and 10:1
molar ratios). To monitor the process in detail, TFA was added stepwise,
increasing the molar ratio, followed by spectral measurements after
each addition.

Poly(methyl methacrylate)s of M_w: 350,000 and 996,000 g/mol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The waste Poly(methyl methacrylate) (M_w: 117,000 g/mol) was supplied from the landfill sites by Remondis (Tarnowskie Góry, Poland). The other reagents and standards such as: Diethylene glycol diethyl ether (Acros Organics), diethylene glycol methyl ether (Acros Organics), dimethyl sulfoxide (Acros Organics), deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (Acros Organics), potassium hydroxide (Avantor, Poland), acetone (Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), potassium hydroxide (Avantor, Poland), sodium hydroxide (Avantor, Poland), hydrochloric acid ca. 35–37% (Chempur, Piekary Śląskie, Poland), nitric acid 65% (Suprapur, Merck, Germany), zinc nitrate (Avantor, Poland) and methanol (Acros Organics) were purchased and used without further purification. Zinc standard solution of 1 mg/mL was supplied by Merck. Deionized water was prepared using a Millipore Elix 10 system.

The compounds 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), formic acid, acetonitrile, pancreatin (8 × USP), pepsin (3200–4500 units/mg protein) and bile salts were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Acetone, anhydrous glucose, NaHSO₃, sodium citrate, sodium benzoate, and potassium phosphate were purchased from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland). acetonitrile LC-MS came from POCh (Gliwice, Poland), fructose from Biofan (Piekary Slaskie, Poland), potassium chloride and sodium chloride from STANLAB (Lublin, Poland). Daidzin and genistin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Inulin Orafti HPX (DP ≥ 23) was purchased from HORTIMEX PLUS (Konin, Poland). Maltodextrin (8 DE) came from the Department of Food Storage and Technology of Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences.

All chemicals used in this experiment were of analytical reagent grade or higher. βCN and βLG were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Deionized water was obtained from the Mili-Q ultrapure water producing system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Trypsin Gold, Mass Spectrometry Grade used for digestion in a solution were provided by Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, USA). Fused-silica capillaries (150 μm i.d. × 375 μm o.d.) were purchased from CM Scientific Ltd. (Dublin, Ireland); 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (γ-MAPS), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 1-dodecanol, cyclohexanol, sodium bicarbonate, benzamidine, sodium cyanoborohydride, the storage solution (containing sodium azide), N-α-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE), trypsin from bovine pancreas, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), acetonitrile (HPLC ultra-gradient grade), ammonium bicarbonate, dichloromethane, methanol, sodium hydroxide were purchased from Sigma–Adrich (Steinheim, Germany); acetone and toluene were purchased from Chempur (Poland); 1,6-hexanediamine, glutaraldehyde, sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate were purchased from Alchem (Poland). All the chemicals supplied for the MALDI-TOF MS analyses were at the highest commercially available purity by Fluka Feinchemikalien (Neu-Ulm, Germany; a subsidiary of Sigma–Aldrich).

N,N′-Dimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, alkyl bromide and 1,3-propanesultone were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Potassium carbonate and acetone were obtained from Chempur; acetonitrile was purchased from POCh SA. All compounds were AR quality and they were used without further purification.
All the surfactants solutions were prepared with the use of water from the PURELAB Classic, Elga with resistivity 18.2 MΩ cm.

The analytical portions of the leaves (16 disks, 1 cm in diameter each) and flowers (8 pieces), both with the addition of 100 mL of water, and fruits (16 pieces) were homogenized in a Waring Commercial 8010 EG blender (Waring, USA) with 150 mL of acetone (Chempur, Poland) and filtered through a Büchner funnel under vacuum. The blender jar was flushed with 50 mL of acetone, and the washings were used to wash the filter cake. One-fifth of the filtrate (the equivalent of approximately 15.4 g of fruit and approximately 0.1 g of leaves) was used for further analysis. It was placed in a separatory funnel together with 100 mL of 2.5% sodium sulfate (VI) (Chempur, Poland) solution. The pesticide residues were extracted three times with 20, 10, and 10 mL of dichloromethane (Chempur, Poland). The combined extracts were evaporated to dryness, dissolved in 10 mL of petroleum ether and purified using a Florisil (Chempur, Poland) mini-column (Sadło et al. 2014 (link), 2015 (link)). The pesticide residues were eluted with a 70-mL mixture of 3:7 (v/v) ethyl ether:petroleum ether (Chempur, Poland) as well as with a 70-mL mixture of 3:7 (v/v) acetone:petroleum ether. The solvents were evaporated to dryness, and the residue was transferred quantitatively using petroleum ether into a 10-mL volumetric measuring flask.