S 4800 field emission scanning electron microscope sem

Phase and crystal analysis of the samples was carried out via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) studies, which were performed using a Philips X'pert pro MPD Super diffractometer equipped with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å). The morphologies of the catalysts were analyzed using a Hitachi S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microstructures of the catalysts were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JEM-2100UHR) with an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) for mapping and cross-section compositional line profile analysis was carried out using FEI Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin HRTEM apparatus at 200 kV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were obtained using a Thermo Fisher ESCALAB 250 analyzer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) with aluminum Kα radiation. Chemical component analysis was carried out via inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using an Agilent ICPOES 730 spectrometer. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of samples were measured with Micromeritics ASAP 2020 nitrogen adsorption apparatus via N₂ physisorption at 77 K.

We incorporated goat antimouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) Alexa Fluor 594 secondary antibody into PLGA microspheres to investigate the drug distribution in the microspheres, and these microspheres were observed under a fluorescence microscope with excitation wavelengths of 565 nm. The fluorescence images of the microparticles were captured. To observe the shape and surface morphology of KGN-containing PLGA microspheres, the freeze-dried KGN μS were uniformly coated on the surface of the conductive adhesive of the sample table and observed by a scanning electron microscope [S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM); Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan]. In order to measure the average size of the microspheres, pictures of three independent microparticle samples were captured, and ImageJ (United States) was used to calculate and present the average particle size distribution.

Morphological data were obtained for 410 herbarium specimens (Appendix 1). Data were obtained for ten specimens per species, including five staminate and five pistillate specimens for species with unisexual flowers. Measurements and scores were averaged across all specimens to give a mean value for each taxon. Flower and fruit color data were obtained from multiple sources including field observations, specimen label data, and taxon descriptions in national floras (Drake del Castillo 1893 , L. B. Moore and Edgar 1976 , Coode 1978 , D. M. Moore 1983 , Williams 1987 , Wagner et al. 1999 ).
Morphological characters that varied at or below the genus rank were measured or scored for all Astelia and Collospermum taxa in the field and/or herbarium. Herbarium specimens were studied under a dissecting microscope and measurements obtained using digital calipers. Pollen and seed characters were examined directly from material obtained from herbarium specimens after coating with gold-palladium using a Hitachi S-4800 field emission

scanning electron microscope

(SEM) at the Biological Electron Microscope Facility, Pacific Biosciences Research Center of the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Images were digitally processed and the final plates were prepared in Photoshop 10.0.

The crystallographic phases of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a Bruker D8 Advance X-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker Corp., Billerica, MA, USA) with Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å). Morphological observations were performed by a Hitachi S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, Tokyo, Japan). The diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) were recorded by a Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere, using BaSO₄ as the reflectance standard. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained by an Edinburgh FLS920 fluorescence spectrometer (Edinburgh Instruments Ltd., Livingston, England) under an excitation wavelength of 325 nm.