Mc 980ma

Weight was assessed through bioimpedance scale mode (TANITA MC980MA, TANITA Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), and height was obtained by a stadiometer (Holtain limited, Crymuch, UK). With these two measurements, body mass index (BMI) was calculated.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed using a Lunar Prodigy Advance densitometer (General Electric Medical Systems) to provide information about total body composition (fat-free mass, fat mass, and BMD). The software used was EnCore 12.3 (iDXA and Prodigy Advance). In addition, fat-free mass index (FFMI) was calculated and the prevalence of malnutrition was determined according to the European Society for Clinical nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) criteria: <15 (women) or <17 (men) kg/m² [10 (link)].
Muscle strength was assessed using an adult dynamometer (Jamar handgrip dynamometry, Asimow Engineering Co., Los Angeles, CA, USA) and data were expressed in absolute figures and compared with the reference population [11 (link)].

Before taking the measurements, the participants received precise information about the course of the study. To minimize the risk of bias in body composition analysis, the bladder was emptied. Height measurement was made with a height meter (Seca 213) with an accuracy of 0.5 cm. The boys took off their shoes and stood with their backs to the stadiometer in an upright position. The average of three measurements was used for analysis.
Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA, 6.25 kHz/50 kHz, 90 µA). The TANITA MC-980 MA (Tanita, Tokyo, Japan) was used. The analyzer is equipped with 8 electrodes, of which 4 are built into the platform, while the others are placed in the handles. Participants were asked to remove footwear and socks. Measurements were made in underwear, standing in designated places on the platform. According to the Tanita MC-980 PLUS MA manual, accurate measurement requires setting up the machine as level as possible. The adjustable feet were rotated in 4 positions so that the bubble of the level indicator was in the middle. Participants stood upright on the platform with their legs extended, placing their feet so that they touched the front and rear electrodes, ensuring that the weight was evenly distributed on both feet. The person examined held handles in their hands that were taken from the body at an angle of 35–40.

Weight was assessed through BIA (scale mode, weight function; TANITA MC980MA) and height was obtained using a stadiometer (Holtain limited, Crymych, UK). With these two values, BMI was calculated.
BIA was performed with TANITA MC980MA (TANITA Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), providing information about total body composition (phase angle and fat-free mass).
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed using a Lunar Prodigy Advance densitometer (General Electric Medical Systems). Fat-free mass was recorded. The software used was EnCore 12.3 (iDXA and Prodigy Advance).
The skinfolds assessed were the triceps, biceps, subscapularis, and supra-iliac using a Holtain constant pressure caliper (Holtain Limited, Crymych, UK). The same investigator (N.P.) performed the measurements in triplicate for each of the skinfolds assessed, and the mean was calculated. Fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) were estimated according to the formulas of Siri and Durnin [28 (link),29 (link)]. Age, sex, weight, and the sum of four skinfolds (triceps, biceps, supra-iliac, and subscapular) were taken into account in the formula.
The fat-free mass index (FFMI) was calculated for anthropometry, BIA, and DXA.
Muscle strength was assessed using a Jamar dynamometer (Asimow Engineering Co., Los Angeles, CA, USA) and was performed in the dominant hand, repeated three times. The mean was calculated.

Anthropometric parameters including height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a stadiometer (seca 213; seca Gmbh & Co. KG., Hamburg, Germany), a digital scale (PD100 ProDoc; Cardinal/Detecto, Webb City, MO, USA), and a measuring tape at the umbilicus. Body composition was measured using a multi-frequency segmental body composition analyzer (Tanita MC-980MA; Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) using currents of 1000 kHz. The output of the measure included information on several body composition elements, including muscle and fat mass.
The HGS of the dominant hand was measured using a manual spring-type dynamometer (Baseline^® Smedley spring-type dynamometer, Fabrication Enterprises, Inc., White Plains, NY, USA). The handle grip was adjusted before the performance to a comfortable position for the individual. The test was performed while participants were standing with the elbow at full extension and shoulder at a natural position at zero degrees. Two trials were performed with 60-s intervals, and the best/highest trial was recorded in kg. Participants were instructed to squeeze the handle as hard as they could for as long as they could until the instructor said to stop (when the needle stopped rising); verbal encouragement was provided during the tests [24 (link)].