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11 protocols using goat anti prox1

1

Immunohistochemistry of Neural Cell Markers

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Antibodies used in this study were: rabbit anti-NG2 (1:400, Millipore), mouse anti-CC1 (CC-1, 1:400, MERC), sheep anti-BrdU (1:400, Exalpha Biologicals), mouse anti-MBP (1:4000, Covance), goat anti-Notch1ICD (1:50, Santa Cruz), goat anti-Prox1 (1:50, R & D system), rat anti-PDGFRα (1:100, eBioscience), rat F4/80 (1:1000, Serotec), chick anti-GFP (1:2000, Aves), mouse anti-GFP (1:400, Life Technologies), rabbit anti-GFP (1:500, Life Technologies), Alexa 488, 594, 647 conjugated donkey secondary antibodies (1:400, Life Technologies), biotinylated donkey anti-goat and biotinylated donkey anti-chicken (1:400, Life Technologies), and Streptavidin 488, 546 (1:400, Life Technologies).
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of Lymphatic and Vascular Markers

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Tail skin and diaphragms were fixed in fresh 4 % paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 2 h and blocked at room temperature for 3 h in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 5 % donkey serum, 1 % bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.1 % Triton-X. The following antibodies were incubated overnight: Rabbit anti-LYVE-1 (AngioBio), goat anti-LYVE-1 (R&D Systems), rat anti-CD31 (BD Biosciences Pharmingen), goat anti-CD206 (R&D Systems), mouse anti-smooth muscle actin (Sigma-Aldrich), rat anti-CD68 (Abcam), goat anti-Prox-1 (R&D Systems), rabbit anti-Prox-1 (kind gift of Dr. Kari Alitalo), rat anti-F4/80 (Abcam) and rat anti-CSF-1R (AFS98 hybridoma antibody). After an intense washing step, tissues were incubated for 2 h at room temperature with Alexa Fluor 488, 594 or 647 nm-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen) and mounted in Vectashield (Vector) for confocal imaging. Whole-mount z-stack images were acquired with a LSM 710 FCS confocal microscope and ZEN software (Zeiss) and processed with Photoshop CS5 (Adobe) and ImageJ software (NIH).
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3

Immunofluorescence Labeling of Brain Sections

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Preparation of 40-μm-thick brain sections and immunostaining were performed, as previously described.24 (link), 25 (link) The primary antibodies used were goat anti-DCX (1:500 dilution, SC-8066, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), rat anti-GFP (1:1000, Cat# 04404-84, Nacalai Tesque, Japan), rabbit anti-Prox1 (1:1000, Cat# AB5475, Millipore, Germany, and Cat# PRB-238C, Covance, Princeton, NJ, USA), goat anti-Prox1 (1:40, Cat# AF 2727, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and rabbit anti-calbindin (1:1000, Cat#ab11426, Abcam, UK). The secondary antibodies used were anti-rat-AlexaFluor488 (Cat# 712–545–153), anti-rabbit-Cy3 (Cat# 712–165–152), anti-rabbit-DyLight549 (Cat# 711–505–152), anti-rabbit-DyLight649 (Cat# 711–495–152), anti-goat-Cy3 (Cat #705–165–003), and anti-goat-Cy5 (Cat # 705–175–147). All secondary antibodies were raised in donkey, purchased from Jackson Immuno (West Grove, PA, USA) and used at 1:600 dilutions. The brain sections were mounted on glass slides with anti-fading mounting medium.
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4

Immunostaining of Cochlear Samples

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For cochlear samples, P3 temporal bones (n = 1 for the WT, n = 2 for the mutant) were dissected and fixed at room temperature for 2 h or at 4°C overnight and then decalcified overnight at 4°C in a solution of 10% EDTA/PBS. The samples were then embedded in sucrose/gelatin, as described elsewhere (Mansour et al., 2013 (link)). Sections (thickness: 14 µm) prepared in the modiolar plane were stained with the following primary antibodies: rat anti-CD44 (550538; 1:1,000; BD Biosciences), rabbit anti-MYO7A (25-6790; 1:1,000; Proteus Biosciences), rabbit anti-p75NTR (#07-476; 1:650; Millipore), or goat anti-PROX1 (AF2727; 1:200; R&D Systems). The secondary antibodies were Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-rat (A11007; 1:400; Invitrogen), Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit (A11034; 1:400; Invitrogen), or Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-goat (A11055; 1:400; Invitrogen). DAPI was included in the mounting medium (Vectashield; Vector Labs).
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5

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Lymphatic Markers

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The following primary antibodies were used: rabbit anti-β-gal (MP Biomedicals), rabbit anti-Prox1 (AngioBio and ProteinTech Group), goat anti-Prox1 (R&D Systems), hamster anti-podoplanin (Hybridoma Bank, Developmental Studies, University of Iowa), rat anti-PECAM1 (BD Pharmingen), goat anti-Vegfr3 (R&D Systems), rabbit anti-GFP (Molecular Probes), and chicken anti-GFP (Abcam). The following secondary antibodies were used: Alexa 488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit (Molecular Probes), Alexa 488-conjugated donkey anti-guinea pig (Molecular Probes), Alexa 488-conjugated goat anti-hamster (Molecular Probes), Alexa 488-conjugated donkey anti-goat (Molecular Probes), Cy3-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories), Cy3-conjugated donkey anti-goat (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories), and Cy5-conjugated donkey anti-rat (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories).
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6

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Mouse Brain

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Mice were anaesthetized with an overdose of sodium pentobarbital and transcardially perfused with saline, followed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Brains were post-fixed for 2 h at 4°C. Brains were sectioned on a sliding microtome or a vibratome at 60 μm. All primary and secondary antibodies were diluted in PBS containing 0.25% Triton X-100 and 2% BSA. The following antibodies were used rabbit anti-Calretinin (1:1000, Swant), chicken anti-GFP (1:3000, Aves Lab), goat anti-Prox1 (1:300, R&D systems), mouse anti-reelin (CR-50, 1:300, MBL international) and rat anti-RFP (1:500, ChromoTek). We used Alexa Fluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch Labs and Molecular Probes).
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7

Visualizing Dermal Lymphatics via Immunostaining

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To analyze the dermal lymphatics, embryos were fixed in 4% PFA diluted in PBS for 2 hours prior to removing the skin for immunostaining. Tissues were blocked with blocking buffer (5% normal donkey serum, 1% bovine serum albumin, 0.1% Triton X-100, and 0.05% sodium azide (NaN3) for 1 hour at RT. Primary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer were incubated overnight at 4°C. Next day, tissues were extensively washed with 0.1% PBS-Triton X-100 for 2 hours at RT and the corresponding secondary antibodies conjugated with either Alexa 488, 546, or 647 (1:200, Molecular Probes, Waltham, MA) were incubated for 2 hours at RT. Next, samples were washed with 0.1% PBS-Triton X-100 and mounted using a Vectashield antifade-mounting medium (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The images were acquired with a LEICA TCS SPE DM2500 confocal microscope.
The following primary antibodies were used: goat anti-Prox1 (R&D, Minneapolis, MN); rat anti-CD31 (BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA); goat anti-Nrp2 (1:500 R&D, Minneapolis, MN); goat anti- lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (Lyve1) (1:500 R&D, Minneapolis, MN); chicken anti-GFP (Abcam, Cambridge, MA); and goat-anti-Vegfr3 (1:500. R&D, Minneapolis, MN)
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8

Prox1 and Sostdc1 Immunofluorescence Staining

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Back skin samples were embedded in OCT (Leica Biosystems, Newcastle, UK) and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Further, 10-μm frozen sections were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 15 min at room temperature (RT), washed in PBS and incubated with blocking solution (5% donkey serum, 0.2% BSA and 0.3% Triton X-100 in PBS) for 1 h at RT. Next, the sections were stained with goat anti-Prox1 (R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and rabbit anti-Sostdc1 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) antibodies overnight at 4 °C. After several washes, the sections were then incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-goat (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA) and Alexa Fluor 594 donkey anti-rabbit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) antibodies for 30 min at RT. Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was used for nuclear staining. Immunofluorescence images were acquired with a Zeiss LSM 710 FCS confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany).
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9

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Jagged1 and Related Proteins

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Immunohistochemical analysis of Jagged1 and the other proteins was performed as described (Lavado et al., 2010 ). The following antibodies and dilutions were used: rabbit anti-Prox1 (1:1000; Millipore, Billerica, MA), goat anti-Prox1 (1:100; R&D, Minneapolis, MN), goat anti-Nestin (1:100; R&D), rabbit anti-Sox2 (1:500; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), rabbit anti-GFAP (1:1000, Dako), rabbit anti-Hes1 (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), rabbit anti-Tbr2 (1:250; Abcam), rabbit anti-Dcx (1:250; Abcam), rabbit anti-Calretinin (1:5000; Millipore), goat anti-Jagged1 (1:100; R&D), and goat anti-Jagged1 (1:50, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The following secondary antibodies were used: anti-rabbit, anti-mouse, or anti-goat Alexa 488, Alexa 594 (Invitrogen), Cy3 or Cy5 (Jackson Immunoresearch, West Grove, PA). Low-magnification images were obtained with a Leica MZFLIII stereomicroscope equipped with a ProgRes C14 camera and a Zeiss Axiovert 1.0 microscope equipped with an Axiocam MRm. The remaining images were obtained with a Zeiss LSM 510 NLO Meta confocal microscope.
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10

Cryosectioning and Immunostaining of Mouse Back Skin

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Back skin samples were embedded in OCT (Leica Biosystems, Newcastle, UK) and frozen in liquid nitrogen. 10-μm frozen sections were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 15 min at room temperature (RT), washed in PBS and incubated with blocking solution (5% donkey serum, 0.2% BSA and 0.3% Triton X-100 in PBS) for 1 h at RT. Next, the sections were stained with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C and, after several washes, incubated with secondary antibodies for 30 min at RT. Primary antibodies were as follows: rat anti-CD31 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), rabbit anti-LYVE-1 (Angiobio, Del Mar, CA, USA), goat anti-LYVE-1 (R&D Systems), rat anti-CD68 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), goat anti-podoplanin (R&D Systems), rabbit anti-cytokeratin 15 (Abcam), rat anti-Foxp3 (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA), and goat anti-Prox1 (R&D systems). Secondary antibodies (all from Thermo Fisher, San Jose, CA, USA) were as follows: donkey anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488, 594 or 647, donkey anti-rat Alexa Fluor 488 or 594, donkey anti-goat Alexa Fluor 488 or 594, and chicken anti-goat Alexa Fluor 647. Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) was used for nuclear staining. Immunofluorescence images were acquired by an Axioskop 2 mot plus microscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) and Z stacks of images were obtained using a Zeiss LSM 710 FCS confocal microscope.
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