The resin used in this study consists of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) (Fisher Scientific), N,N'-Methylene-bis(acrylamide) (Sigma-Aldrich) as a cross-linker, Phenylbis (2,4,6-tri-methylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (Sigma-Aldrich) as a PI, Sudan I (Sigma-Aldrich) as a PA, and a fluorescent dye Rhodamine B (Sigma-Aldrich). An ionic monomer Methacryl-amidopropyl-trimethyl-ammonium Chloride (MAPTAC) (Sigma-Aldrich) was used for the transition temperature study. Ethanol was used as a solvent in all resins. All materials were used as received.
N isopropylacrylamide nipaam
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Belgium
N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) is a temperature-responsive polymer that undergoes a reversible phase transition at a specific temperature, known as the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). This property makes NIPAAm a useful material in various applications, such as in the development of smart materials and responsive systems.
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Lab products found in correlation
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Sartorius (2 mentions)
Eagle s minimum essential medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sudan 1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rhodamine b, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phenylbis 2 4 6 trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n methylenebisacrylamide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
D glucose, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s phosphate buffered saline, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide d6 dmso d6, by Cambridge Isotopes (1 mentions)
Live dead cell mediated cytotoxicity kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethanol etoh, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Acryloyl chloride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
2 2 azobis 2 methylpropionitrile aibn, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Iron 3 chloride hexahydrate fecl3 6h2o, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 bromopropionyl bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Carbon disulfide cs2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Mcf 7, by RIKEN BioResource Center (1 mentions)
12 protocols using n isopropylacrylamide nipaam
1
Thermoresponsive Resin Composition
2
Synthesis and Characterization of PNIPAM Hydrogels
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2.1. Materials. All solvents and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise stated and used as supplied. 3-(acrylamido)phenylboronic acid (APBA) (98%), 2,2′azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) (98%), diethyl ether (≥99.5%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (anhydrous, ≥99.9%), dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6) (D 99.9%, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) (Gibco), Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS), D-(+)-glucose, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) (97%), ethanol (EtOH) (96%, Fisher), fluorescein O-methacrylate (fluorescein-MA) (97%), foetal bovine serum (FBS), LIVE/DEAD ® cell-mediated cytotoxicity kit (Life Technologies), penicillin-streptomycin solution, resazurin sodium salt and 0.25% (w/v) trypsin-EDTA solution.
3
Synthesis of Functional Polymer Particles with Controlled Properties
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Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate FeCl3·6H2O and iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate FeCl2·6H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 3-aminoproplotrimethoxysilane (APTMS, 97%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 2-bromopropionyl bromide (97%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), carbon disulfide (CS2, ≥ 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), potassium hydroxide (KOH, pure, Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice, Poland), triethylamine (Et3N, Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice, Poland), acryloyl chloride (96%, Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA) were used as received. The initiator, 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN, ≥ 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), was recrystallized from methanol. N-vinylcaprolactam (NVCL, > 98%, TCI, Tokyo, Japan) was recrystallized from hexane prior to use and stored in a freezer. N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm, 99 %, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) was recrystallized from toluene–hexane (60:40, v/v) prior to use. Potassium O-ethyl carbonodithioate (KSCSOEt) was synthesized according to the well-known procedure [11 (link)]. All organic solvents were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (Gliwice, Poland) and were distilled before use.
4
Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
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Acrylic acid (AA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) were supplied from Acros Organics (Geel, Flemish Region, Belgium). Both 2-(Dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid (DMP) as a chain transfer agent (CTA) and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator were obtained from Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). An anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), was also obtained from Acros Organics. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was obtained from J.T. Baker (Philadelphia, PA, USA). Chitosan (CS) (C&B Co., Taipei, Taiwan) was purified according to the previous procedure [66 (link)]. The purified CS had an average molecular weight of 24.5 kDa and a degree of deacetylation (DDA, the fraction of amino group on C-2 position) of 0.94. The mouse fibroblast cells (NIH 3T3), human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2), non-small human lung carcinoma cells (H460), and human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were provided by the Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
5
Synthesis and Characterization of NIPAAM Hydrogels
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N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAM, Acros Organics (United States) was recrystallized with N-hexane (distilled) at 40°C and was vacuum-dried). N-vinyl 2- pyrrolidone (VP) and acrylic acid (AA) were purchased from Acros Organics (United States) and freshly distilled before use. N, N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) (anhydrous), and ammonium persulfate (APS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, United States). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), trypsin (with 0.5% EDTA), streptomycin (100X), potassium chloride, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from HiMedia (United States). MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cell lines were procured from the National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India. I. turpethum was procured from the FRLHT (Foundation of Revitalization of Local Health Traditions, Bangalore, India) and further confirmed by the expert Dr. Sunita Garg (Head, Raw Materials Herbarium & Museum, CSIR-NISCAIR, New Delhi, India) with the reference number NISCAIR/RHMD/Consult/2015/2826/19.
6
Gelatin-Based Antioxidant Hydrogel
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Type A gelatin (300 Bloom), Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, EC 3.4.24.35), and benzalkonium chloride (BAC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), was purified by recrystallization from n-hexane. FNC Coating Mix (i.e., a fibronectin/collagen mixture) was obtained from Athena ES (Baltimore, MD, USA). Keratinocyte serum-free medium (KSFM) was purchased from Gibco-BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). All the other chemicals were of reagent grade and used as received without further purification.
7
RAFT Polymerization of NIPAAm
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All polymerization reactions were carried out under an inert argon atmosphere using the Schlenk line technique. Prior to polymerization, N-isopropylacrylamide (NiPAAm, 99%, Acros, Geel, Belgium) and 2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany were recrystallized twice in n-hexane and methanol, respectively. 2-(Dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)propionic acid (DMP, 97%, Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland), silver nitrate, and ammonia (28–30%, Acros, Geel, Belgium) were used as received.
8
Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Synthesis and Evaluation
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Type A gelatin (300 Bloom), gallic acid (GA), ascorbic acid, hydrogen peroxide, ammonium molybdate, 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2, EC 3.4.24.24), pilocarpine nitrate, and α-chymotrypsin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), was purified by recrystallization from n-hexane. Deionized water was filtered using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Balanced salt solution (BSS, pH 7.4) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were obtained from Alcon (Fort Worth, TX, USA) and Biochrom (Berlin, Germany), respectively. Eagle’s minimum essential medium (MEM) was purchased from Gibco-BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and the antibiotic/antimycotic (A/A) solution (10,000 U/ml penicillin, 10 mg/ml streptomycin, and 25 μg/ml amphotericin B) were obtained from Biological Industries (Kibbutz Beit Haemek, Israel). All the other chemicals were of reagent grade and used as received without further purification.
9
Synthesis of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Composites
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Graphite powder, cornstarch, maleic anhydride (MA) and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride were supplied from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was used as received by Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ). Other materials and solvents with analytical grade were utilized as received.
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Graphite powder, cornstarch, maleic anhydride (MA) and tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride were supplied from Merck (Kenilworth, NJ, USA). N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was used as received by Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ). Other materials and solvents with analytical grade were utilized as received.
10
Hyaluronic Acid-based Thermoresponsive Hydrogel
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Hyaluronic acid sodium salt with weight-average molecular weight of ∼1100 kDa was supplied from Kewpie (Tokyo, Japan) in a form of dry powder. 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), sulfur trioxide-DMF complex, and sulfur trioxide pyridine complex were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) were supplied by Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Before use, NIPAAm was purified by recrystallization from n-hexane. 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) was obtained from Otsuka Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (AESH) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) was obtained from Biochrom (Berlin, Germany). Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) was provided by Gibco-BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was acquired from Biological Industries (Kibbutz Beit Haemek, Israel). All the other chemicals were of reagent grade and used as received.
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