Dmem media

Human cancer cell lines T98G (glioblastoma), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) were obtained from Korean Cell Line Bank and cultured in DMEM media (Welgene, Korea) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution (Sigma-Aldrich). The U-251 MG and U-373 MG cell lines were also obtained from Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea) and cultured in DMEM. To prepare glioma like stem cells in condition media containing DMEM-F12 media with FGF, EGF and B27 supplement (Gibco, Korea) from culture of U251 and U373 cell lines. The prepared gliosphere (glioma like stem cells) cultures were maintained in condition media for further experiments. All cultures were maintained at 37°C, 95% relative humidity and 5% CO₂. Cells were seeded in 12-well plates at a concentration of 1 × 10⁵ cells/well in 1mL of complete media and incubated for 24 h (hr) at 37°C in 5% CO₂ atmosphere to allow for cell adhesion. Stock solutions (5 mg/mL) of complexes and starting materials diluted in PBS and were filter-sterilized, and a specific volume of sub-stock solution is added to a fresh medium in wells to produce various final concentrations. Control group containing no complexes or compounds was run in triplicates during each assay.

N-terminal acylated FRRG (Ac-Phe-Arg-Arg-Gly-COOH) and FRRG (NH₂-Phe-Arg-Arg-Gly-COOH) peptides were purchased from Peptron (Daejeon, Korea). Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) was purchased from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA) Dimethylformamide (DMF), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TUNEL assay kit and cathepsin B enzyme were purchased from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). CellLight™ Lysosomes-RFP, BacMam 2.0 was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Rockford, IL, USA). TEM grid (Carbon Film 200 Mesh copper) was purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences (Atlanta, GA, USA). DMEM media, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from WELGENE Inc. (Daegu, Korea). The 4T1 (murine breast adenocarcinoma) and H9C2 (rat BDIX heart myoblast) cells were purchased from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection; Manassas, VA, USA).

Human colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT-29, human lung cancer cell lines A549 and H460, and human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA). Human normal lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and human normal colon fibroblast cell line CCD-18Co was obtained from the ATCC. HCT116, A549, H460, and BEAS-2B cells were maintained in RPMI1640 media (Welgene, Daegu, Korea) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Hyclone, Rockford, IL) and 1% (v/v) penicillin and streptomycin (Invitrogen, San Diego, CA). HT29 and MCF-7 cells were maintained in DMEM media (Welgene) supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS and 1% (v/v) penicillin and streptomycin. CCD-18Co cells were maintained in MEM media (Welgene) supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS and 1% (v/v) penicillin and streptomycin.