Essential fatty acid free bovine serum albumin

RPMI and thrombin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA), as were all other reagents unless specifically stated elsewhere. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin and trypsin-EDTA were purchased from the Lonza (Walkersville, MD, USA). ML-161was provided from Sigma-Aldrich chemical. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies of ICAM-1, TF, tPA, uPA, goat polyclonal COX-2 antibody, and mouse monoclonal iNOS antibody were purchased from the Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies of phospho-p38, phospho-ERK and phospho-JNK were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies of PAR-1, PAR-2 and PAI-1, and rat polyclonal F4/80 were provided by Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG, chicken anti-rat IgG and goat anti-mouse IgG were purchased from Jackson Immuno-Research Laboratories (West Grove, PA, USA). Mouse monoclonal β-actin antibody was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals. Essential fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) and skim milk were supplied by the Becton Dickinson Company (Sparks, MD, USA). 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
Astragalin was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 25 mM stock solution) for live culture with cells; a final culture concentration of DMSO was ≤0.5%.