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Tenofovir

Manufactured by Gilead Sciences
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Tenofovir is a laboratory product manufactured by Gilead Sciences. It is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used in research applications. Tenofovir functions by inhibiting the activity of the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is essential for the replication of certain viruses.

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Lab products found in correlation

Emtricitabine, by Gilead Sciences (7 mentions) Raltegravir, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Dextran sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Phytohemagglutinin (pha), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Acyclovir, by GlaxoSmithKline (1 mentions) Ribavirin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Lamivudine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Viread, by Gilead Sciences (1 mentions)

15 protocols using tenofovir

1

Tenofovir for HBV Cirrhosis Management

Cited 1 time
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Treatment decisions were made independently by two authors using the ‘with HBV DNA’ (Figure 2) assessment, discrepancies were discussed and a final management plan was agreed upon. Individuals met treatment criteria if there was evidence of cirrhosis (APRI>2 or ultrasound consistent with cirrhosis) or active hepatitis attributable to HBV (ALT>50 IU/L and HBV DNA>20 000 IU/ml). Patients allocated to treatment were offered Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg once daily, adjusted according to creatinine clearance21 (link) and followed up according to WHO recommendations.5 Patients allocated to the observation group were offered follow-up by the hospital outpatient clinic. Tenofovir was donated by Gilead Sciences (Foster City, CA, USA). Gilead Sciences had no input into the study design or data analysis.
Laing N., Tufton H., Ochola E., P’Kingston O.G., Maini M.K, & Easom N. (2018). Hepatitis B assessment without hepatitis B virus DNA quantification: a prospective cohort study in Uganda. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 113(1), 11-17.
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2

Diverse Antiretroviral Agents Evaluation

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The polyanionic compounds LA (mw: ∼8000 g/mol) and dextran sulfate (mw: ∼5000 g/mol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Diegem, Belgium). PRO2000 (mw: ∼5000 g/mol) was kindly provided by Dr. A.T. Profy (Formerly at Indevus PHArmaceuticals Inc., Lexington, MA, USA). Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin (HHA; mw: 50 kDa) was obtained from EY Labs (San Mateo, CA, USA). Griffithsin (GRFT; mw: 25.4 kDa) was kindly provided by Dr. K.E. Palmer (University of Louisville, KY, USA). The bacterial antibiotic peptides feglymycin (FGM; mw: 1.9 kDa) and Labyrintopeptin A1 (LabyA1; mw: 2.1 kDa) were provided by Dr. R.D. Süssmuth (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany). Acyclovir (mw: 225 g/mol) was obtained from GlaxoSmithKline (Brentford, UK). Maraviroc (mw: 514 g/mol) and AMD3100 (mw: 830 g/mol) were donated by Dr. G. Bridger (at that time at AnorMed, Langley, Canada). Enfuvirtide (T20; mw: 4.5 kDa) was provided by Dr. E. Van Wijngaerden (University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium). The mitogenic lectin PHA (mw: 128 kDa) was ordered from Sigma-Aldrich. Tenofovir (mw: 287.21 g/mol) was obtained from Gilead Sciences (Foster City, CA, USA). The mAb b12 was ordered from Polymun Scientific (Vienna, Austria).
Gordts S.C., Férir G., D’huys T., Petrova M.I., Lebeer S., Snoeck R., Andrei G, & Schols D. (2015). The Low-Cost Compound Lignosulfonic Acid (LA) Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Anti-HIV and Anti-HSV Activity and Has Potential for Microbicidal Applications. PLoS ONE, 10(7), e0131219.
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3

Chronic HIV-1 Infection and Tuberculosis Treatment

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ANRS12-180 REFLATE-TB is registered in www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00822315). Adult participants with untreated chronic HIV-1 infection and plasma viral load >1000 copies/mL were recruited in Brazil and France from July, 2009 to June, 2011 and randomized into 3 treatment arms: RAL (Merck, Philadelphia, PA) 400 mg BID (RAL400), RAL 800 mg BID (RAL800), or EFV (Bristol Myers Squibb, Rueil Malmaison, France) 600 mg once daily associated with tenofovir (Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA) (245 mg once daily) and lamivudine (ViiV HealthCare, Marly le Roi, France) (300 mg once daily). Participants in the RAL800 arm switched to the standard 400 mg dose of RAL 1 month after rifampin discontinuation, but not before W24. Tuberculosis treatment was initiated 2–8 weeks before ART initiation (W0). All participants with available W0 samples were included in the reservoir and inflammation study.
Delagreverie H.M., Bauduin C., De Castro N., Grinsztejn B., Chevrier M., Jouenne F., Mourah S., Kalidi I., Pilotto J.H., Brites C., Tregnago Barcellos N., Amara A., Wittkop L., Molina J.M, & Delaugerre C. (2020). Impact of Raltegravir or Efavirenz on Cell-Associated Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) Deoxyribonucleic Acid and Systemic Inflammation in HIV-1/Tuberculosis Coinfected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 7(2), ofz549.
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4

Antiretroviral Regimen for Simian HIV

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Coinfected NHPs received a drug regimen consisting of 20 mg/kg of (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) adenine (PMPA, tenofovir, Gilead Sciences), 30 mg/kg of 2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3′-thiacytidine (FTC, emtricitabine, Gilead Sciences), and 2.5 mg/mL of the integrase inhibitor DTG (ViiV Healthcare). The drugs were administered daily via subcutaneous injection of a cocktail of these 3 drugs in the vehicle KLEPTOSE (Roquette, parenteral grade 346111) at previously published doses (15 (link)).
Sharan R., Ganatra S.R., Bucsan A.N., Cole J., Singh D.K., Alvarez X., Gough M., Alvarez C., Blakley A., Ferdin J., Thippeshappa R., Singh B., Escobedo R., Shivanna V., Dick EJ J.r., Hall-Ursone S., Khader S.A., Mehra S., Rengarajan J, & Kaushal D. (2022). Antiretroviral therapy timing impacts latent tuberculosis infection reactivation in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis/SIV coinfection model. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 132(3), e153090.
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5

Antiretroviral Drug Combination Protocol

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Efavirenz was provided by Bristol-Myers Squib, raltegravir was provided by Merck, and emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir (PMPA) were provided by Gilead Sciences. Efavirenz was fed at 200 mg per day by mixing the contents of a 200 mg capsule into food. raltegravir was fed at 100 mg twice daily by mixing the drug into food. Stock solutions of FTC were prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). PMPA was suspended in distilled water, with NaOH added to a final pH of 7.0. FTC and PMPA stocks were filter sterilized and stored at 4°C. These drugs were administered subcutaneously, at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight once daily. Drug dosages were adjusted weekly according to body weight.
Mavigner M., Watkins B., Lawson B., Lee S.T., Chahroudi A., Kean L, & Silvestri G. (2014). Persistence of Virus Reservoirs in ART-Treated SHIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant. PLoS Pathogens, 10(9), e1004406.
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6

ART Treatment in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques

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After 10 weeks of SIV infection, animals randomized to receive ART began treatment with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), tenofovir (PMPA, 9-R-2-[phosphonomethoxypropyl] adenine) and emtricitabine (FTC, beta-2, 3-dideoxy-3-thia-5-fluorocytidine) provided by Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA. ART drugs were injected subcutaneously at a dose of 30 mg/kg/day each. The PMPA dose was decreased to 20 mg/kg after the initial 2 months of ART treatment. Non-ART treated animals were injected daily with an equal volume of vehicle. This ART protocol was selected based on published reports of NRTI efficacy in reducing viral load and at suppressing retrovirus replication by interfering with reverse transcriptase in rhesus macaques (Garcia-Lerma et al., 2008 (link); Verhoeven et al., 2008 (link)). In addition, this drug combination has shown minimal toxicity in normal healthy rhesus macaques from infancy to adulthood, even after prolonged administration (Van Rompay et al., 2008 (link)).
Katz P.S., Siggins R.W., Porretta C., Armstrong M.L., Zea A.H., Mercante D.E., Parsons C., Veazey R.S., Bagby G.J., Nelson S., Molina P.E, & Welsh D.A. (2015). Chronic Alcohol Increases CD8+ T-Cell Immunosenescence in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Rhesus Macaques. Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.), 49(8), 759-765.
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7

Topical Tenofovir Gel Formulation

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Tenofovir [(R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine] (TFV) was kindly provided by Gilead Sciences; 1% TFV (wt/wt) was formulated in 2% hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) gel as previously described [8 (link), 9 (link)]. Gels were formulated at pH 6.5 to mimic the average vaginal pH of pigtailed macaques [21 (link)]. A matching placebo 2% HEC gel was used as a control.
Dobard C.W., Sharma S., Cong M.E., West R., Makarova N., Holder A., Pau C.P., Hanson D.L., Novembre F.J., Garcia-Lerma J.G, & Heneine W. (2015). Efficacy of topical tenofovir against transmission of a tenofovir-resistant SHIV in macaques. Retrovirology, 12, 69.
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8

Antiretroviral Therapy in SIV-Infected Macaques

Cited 1 time
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Starting at 4 weeks post-infection, each animal received a daily subcutaneous injection containing an ART of reverse transcriptase inhibitors, composed of Tenofovir, 20 mg/kg; and emtricitabine, 40 mg/kg. ART was continued until the end of the study, for a total of 24 weeks. Tenofovir and emtricitabine were generously provided by Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Foster City, CA, USA). Our previous report has shown the capacity of this drug combination to fully suppress viral replication in the SIV-infected chRM model [6 (link)].
Solis-Leal A., Siddiqui S., Wu F., Mohan M., Hu W., Doyle-Meyers L.A., Dufour J.P, & Ling B. (2022). Neuroinflammatory Profiling in SIV-Infected Chinese-Origin Rhesus Macaques on Antiretroviral Therapy. Viruses, 14(1), 139.
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9

Antiviral Therapy Guidelines for HCC Patients

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Antiviral therapy was carried out according to the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL) guideline [17 (link)]. Antiviral therapy was administered in the HCC patients who had an ALT > upper limit of normal (UNL) (>40 IU/L) and detectable levels of HBV DNA (>20 IU/ml). Patients who had ALT < UNL or undetectable levels of HBV DNA were performed RT without antiviral treatment. Patients were divided into two groups based on antiviral treatment during RT: 1) antiviral group, patients with antiviral treatment during RT; and 2) non-antiviral group, patients without antiviral treatment during RT. Four types of oral antiviral drugs were used: 100mg lamivudine (Heptodin, GlaxoSmithkline), 10mg adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera GlaxoSmithkline), 0.5mg entecavir (Baraclude, Sino-American Squibb Pharmaceuticals) and 300mg tenofovir (Viread, Gilead Sciences).
Jun B.G., Kim Y.D., Kim S.G., Kim Y.S., Jeong S.W., Jang J.Y., Lee S.H., Kim H.S., Kang S.H., Kim M.Y., Baik S.K., Lee M., Kim T.S., Choi D.H., Choi S.H., Suk K.T., Kim D.J, & Cheon G.J. (2018). Hepatitis B virus reactivation after radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and efficacy of antiviral treatment: A multicenter study. PLoS ONE, 13(7), e0201316.
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10

Chronic Alcohol Exposure and SIV Infection

Cited 2 times
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The animal study design was approved the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at both Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (New Orleans, LA) and Tulane National Primate Research Center (Covington, LA). The study adhered to the National Institutes of Health guidelines for the care and use of animals in research. Details of the experimental design were previously published (12 (link), 37 (link), 38 (link)). Briefly, rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) ages 4–6 years were administered CBA (13–14g of ethanol per kg of body mass per week) or VEH through a gastric catheter. After 3 months of CBA or VEH administration, macaques were rectally infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251), and 2.5 months later, all macaques used for the current study were treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART; 20mg/kg of tenofovir and 30mg/kg of emtricitabine; provided by Gilead Sciences, Inc.) for 9 months. Macaques continued to receive CBA or VEH throughout the duration of the study (14.5 months, Figure 1). Macaques were fasted and humanely euthanized 24 hours after their last alcohol administration (blood alcohol level = 0mM). Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue were collected for downstream analysis.
Nakashima K., Takizawa T., Ochiai W., Yanagisawa M., Hisatsune T., Nakafuku M., Miyazono K., Kishimoto T., Kageyama R, & Taga T. (2001). BMP2-mediated alteration in the developmental pathway of fetal mouse brain cells from neurogenesis to astrocytogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(10), 5868-5873.
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