Mannitol

The wild-type T. harzianum T4 strain was used in this study and was stored in our laboratory. A conidial suspension of T. harzianum T4 was stored in 20% glycerol at −80 °C. For the acquisition of conidia, T. harzianum T4 was inoculated and cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 3 days, and mycelia were scraped and suspended in sterile water, fully shaken, and filtered with three layers of gauze for backup. The initial culture medium of chlamydospore preparation (IMC) consisted of soluble starch (2.39%), calcium carbonate (0.1%), wheat bran (0.48%), ammonium sulfate (0.2%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1%), and Tween 80 (0.5%).
Mannitol, glycine betaine, and N-A-G were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Unless otherwise stated, other chemicals were purchased from Shanghai Titan Scientific Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Natural graphite flakes, sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were purchased from Aladdin, Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Potassium chloride (KCl), copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO₄·5H₂O), glucose, uric acid (UA), dopamine hydrochloride (DA), sodium chloride (NaCl), acetaminophenol (AP), L-ascorbic acid (AA), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). mannitol, lactose, and maltose were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
The apparatus involves scanning electron microscopy (SEM, LEO1530) (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany) for characterizing the microstructures of RTEG-F and Cu/RTEG-F, X-ray Diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 ADVANCE) (Bruker AXS GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany) for studying the material composition. Electrochemical deposition, amperometric measurements and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were performed in VSP-300 electrochemical interface (BioLogic China, Beijing, China).

Fluopyram (97.5% purity) was purchased from Bayer (China) Co., Ltd. (Leverkusen, Germany). 1-Dodecanesulfonic acid sodium salt (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), sodium lignosulfonate (SL, methoxy group: 5~7%, carbon: 45~47%), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC, hydroxylpropoxyl: 4~12%, methoxy: 19~24%, 100 mPa.s), sodium salt of polynaphthalene sulphonic acid (NNO), white carbon, diatomite, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, anhydrous d-trehalose, and sorbitol were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Pluronic F127 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Polycarboxylate (TERSPERSE 2700) was provided by Huntsman Technology Corporation (USA). Morwet D425 and Morwet EFW were provided by Nanjing Jierun Technology Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). LC/MS-grade and HPLC-grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Ultrapure water was used in all experiments. Qiagen RLT Lysis solution was purchased from Beijing Huaxia Ocean Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).