methanol (MeOH), ammonium acetate, ethanol (EtOH), dichloromethane
(DCM), formic acid, and isopropanol (IPA) were from Merck (Darmstadt,
Germany). Trypsin (0.25%), Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium
(DMEM), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 4-chloro-phenylalanine (4-Cl-Phe),
fetal bovine serum (FBS), collagen I, and penicillin–streptomycin
(100 U/mL) were from Thermo Fisher (Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.). trans-2-[3-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenylidene]malononitrile
(DCTB), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), orlistat, and 9-acridinamine
(9AA) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.). Phosphatidylcholine(19:0/19:0)
(PC(19:0/19:0)), triglyceride(15:0/15:0/15:0) (TG(15:0/15:0/15:0)),
and sphingomyelin(d18:1/12:0) (SM(d18:1/12:0)) were obtained from
Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, U.S.A.). TCS glucuronide (TCSG,
95%) and TCS sulfate (TCSS, 95%) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology
(Dallas, TX, U.S.A). TCS (99%) was brought from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill,
MA, U.S.A). 13C12-TCS was purchased from Cambridge
Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, U.S.A).