Uridine 5 diphosphate β

irinotecan HCl Trihydrate injection (20 mg/mL) were purchased from Teva Parenteral Medicine, Inc. (Irvine, NY, USA) and the powder of irinotecan were purchased from Dalian Meilun Biology Technology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China), respectively. The self-made injectable irinotecan formulation was prepared as follows: the irinotecan hydrochloride was firstly dissolved in 1,3 Propanedio by sonication 10 min, then diluted in a sorbitol/lactic acid buffer (D-sorbitol 45 mg/ml and D-lactic acid 0.9 mg/ml, pH=3.4), the control group was given 0.2 mL sorbitol/lactic acid buffer.
The reference standard irinotecan, SN-38, SN-38G, NPC, and APC were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto Canada). Uridine-5’- diphosphate-β, D-glucuronic acid ester, D-saccharic-1, 4-lactone monohydrate, magnesium chloride, daidzin, and astragaloside were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid (LC-MS grade) were purchased from VWR. Glucose, Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS, powder form), HEPES, Ko143, MK-571, Zosuquidar (LY335979), NaHCO₃, and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., (St. Louis, MO, USA). Transwell™ cell culture insert (polycarbonate membrane and polystyrene plates with a diameter of 24 mm and a pore size of 3 μm) was obtained from Corning Incorporated (Corning, NY, USA).

ME was procured from SK Bioland Ltd (Chungnam, Korea) with 14.3 ± 2.0% MGN, 20.6 ± 0.3% HNK and 16.6 ± 0.9% w/w MHNK. ME was authenticated and technical datasheet supplied by the manufacturer. Additionally, we performed thorough in-house LCMS/MS phytochemical characterization and quantification of the active constituents before cell and animal studies. This source of material has been shown to have pharmacological activity in different disease indications in animals in the published literature ^{31 (link)–33 (link)}. Baohuoside I was purchased from Chengdu Must Bio-technology Co. Ltd (Chengdu, China). Ammonium acetate, formic acid (LC-MS grade), Uridine-5’-diphosphate-β, D-glucuronic acid ester (UDPGA), 3’-phosphoadenosine-5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS), D-saccharic-1,4-lactone monohydrate, magnesium chloride, magnolol, honokiol were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). 4-O-methylhonokiol was purchased from LKT Laboratories Inc (Minnesota, USA). Protein assay kit was purchased from BioRad, Hercules, CA. All other materials (typically analytical grade or better) were used as received.