Chloroquine diphosphate hy 17589

Synthetic GPA peptide was purchased from Top Peptide Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, molecular weight of 36–50 kDa) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Irvine, CA, USA). LPS (L6230) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Murine TNF-α recombinant protein (315-01A-20) was purchased from PeproTech (USA). Chloroquine diphosphate (HY-17589) was purchased from MedChemExpress (St. Louis, MO, USA). 3-MA (T1879) and Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (C0001) were purchased from Target Mol (Topscience, Shanghai, China). Cell lysis buffer for Western analysis (P0013), phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) (ST505), and LDH detection kits (C0017) were purchased from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). DAPI (D4054) was purchased from US Everbright® Inc. (Suzhou, China). The antibodies against IκBα (A1187), p62 (A7758), LC3B (A11282), and β-actin (AC026) were purchased from Abclonal (Wuhan, China). The antibodies against ZO-1 (AF5145) and occludin (DF7504) were purchased from Affinity (Cincinnati, USA). The antibody against TRAF6 (66498-1) was brought from Proteintech (Wuhan, China). The antibodies against IL-6 (GB11117) and GAPDH (GB1102) were purchased from Servicebio (Wuhan, China).

A mouse monoclonal antibody against PRRSV nucleocapsid (N) protein was prepared in our lab (60 (link)). Mouse monoclonal anti-FLAG (MBL catalog number M185), anti-HA (MBL M180), and anti-MYC (MBL M047) antibodies, rabbit monoclonal anti-β-actin (ABclonal AC026) antibody, and rabbit polyclonal anti-GOSR1 (ABclonal A4316), anti-LC3 (Cell Signaling Technology clone D11), and anti-STX17 (ProteinTech 17815-1-AP) antibodies were used in our study. Chloroquine diphosphate (HY-17589) and rapamycin (AY-22989) were purchased from Med Chem Express. Earle's balanced salts solution (EBSS) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (E3024).