One month after AMI, animals were anesthetized, intubated, and monitored as described above. Femoral artery and vein were again punctured and 7 and 12 F sheaths were placed, respectively. Heparin (300 IU/kg) was administered intravenously. After IVE assessment, coronary angiography was repeated as described. LAD characteristics and flow were determined.19 (link) A pressure wire (Primewire, Volcano Therapeutics Inc, Zaventem, Belgium) was advanced to the apical segment of the LAD and the distal pressure (Pd, mm Hg) was measured. Thereafter, thoracotomy and pericardiectomy were performed and the LAD was dissected to insert a flow sensor in the middle segment of LAD (Flowmeter T206, Transonic Systems Inc, NY). Coronary flow (Qc, mL/min) was measured. Baseline microcirculatory resistance (baseline MR) was calculated (Pd/Qc). Thereafter, an intravenous infusion of adenosine (140 μg/kg per minute) through the femoral vein 12F sheath was started and maintained for 10 minutes to induce hyperemia (hyp). At 10 minutes, true microcirculatory resistance was also calculated measuring the same parameters during maximal hyperemia (Pdhyp/Qchyp).20 (link)
T206 flowmeter
Manufactured by Transonic Systems
Sourced in United States
The T206 flowmeter is a precision instrument designed to measure fluid flow rates. It utilizes ultrasonic technology to accurately track the volumetric flow of liquids and gases. The device provides real-time data on flow parameters such as velocity and volumetric flow rate.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Bridge amp, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
Mlt0380, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
Powerlab 4 25, by ADInstruments (2 mentions)
Mikro tip 2f, by Millar (1 mentions)
Ml221, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Ml845, by ADInstruments (1 mentions)
Labview 2014, by National Instruments (1 mentions)
Vacutainer, by BD (1 mentions)
7 protocols using t206 flowmeter
1
Coronary Microvascular Function Assessment
2
Comprehensive Cardiac Assessment in Rodents
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Immediately after the echocardiography, the animals were kept warm (±37 °C) in spontaneous respiration of air enriched with oxygen (0.6-0.8 l/min). A Millar micromanometer (MikroTip 2F, Millar Instruments Inc., Houston, TX, USA) was inserted inside the LV cavity from the right carotid artery catheterization. After a right thoracotomy, a flow sensor (Transonic Systems Inc., NY, USA) coupled to the signal amplification system (Flow Meter -T206, Transonic Systems Inc., NY, USA) was positioned in the ascending aorta. The following data were obtained using AcqKnowledge® 3.7.5. software (Biopac Systems Inc., CA, USA): heart rate (HR, bpm), LV systolic (LVSP, mm Hg) and end-diastolic (LVEDP, mm Hg) pressures, maximum positive (+dP/dt, mm Hg/s) and negative (-dP/dt, mm Hg/s) rates of intraventricular pressure, cardiac output (CO, ml/min), ejected systolic volume (ESV, ml) and stroke work (SW, gm/beat). SW was calculated by the equation: SW = (LVSP -LVEDP x ESV) x constant 0.0136. The values of LV ejection were indexed according to body mass: CO index (COI), SV index (SVI) and stroke work index (SWI).
3
Monitoring Cardiovascular Parameters in Anesthetized Animals
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The pulsatile arterial pressure (PAP) of anesthetized animals was continuously recorded through the arterial cannula that was connected to a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia) with an amplifier (Bridge Amp, ML221, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). Data were digitized at a frequency of 1000 samples per second using an analogue to digital converter (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). MAP was calculated from the integral of PAP's signal (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). HR was calculated as instantaneous frequency from the PAP's signal (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia).
The miniatures probes were connected to T206 flowmeter (Transonic Systems, Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA), in order to record the RBF and ABF. The signals obtained were recorded by the acquisition and data analysis MP150 system (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). Data were digitized at a sampling frequency of 200 samples per second. Changes in RBF and ABF were calculated as the percentage relative ratio to baseline (%RBF and %ABF).
The RVC and AVC were obtained by the ratio of RBF/MAP and ABF/MAP, respectively. The variations of RVC and AVC were expressed as percentage change in baseline value (%RVC and %AVC, resp.).
The miniatures probes were connected to T206 flowmeter (Transonic Systems, Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA), in order to record the RBF and ABF. The signals obtained were recorded by the acquisition and data analysis MP150 system (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, Australia). Data were digitized at a sampling frequency of 200 samples per second. Changes in RBF and ABF were calculated as the percentage relative ratio to baseline (%RBF and %ABF).
The RVC and AVC were obtained by the ratio of RBF/MAP and ABF/MAP, respectively. The variations of RVC and AVC were expressed as percentage change in baseline value (%RVC and %AVC, resp.).
4
Measuring Hemodynamic Parameters in Vivo
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The pulsatile arterial pressure (PAP) was continuously recorded through the arterial cannula that was connected to a pressure transducer (MLT0380, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia) with an amplifier (Bridge Amp, ML221, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia). The miniatures probes were placed around left renal artery and thoracic aorta and connected to T206 flowmeter (Transonic Systems, Inc., Ithaca, NY, United States) to record the RBF and ABF, respectively. Data were digitized at a frequency of 2000 samples per second using an analogue to digital converter (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia).
5
Measuring Renal and Aortic Blood Flow
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The renal blood flow (RBF) and aortic blood flow (ABF) baseline were recorded through a miniature probe that was placed around the left renal artery and abdominal aorta. Miniature probes were connected to a T206 flowmeter (Transonic Systems, Inc., Ithaca, NY, USA) which determines the flow rate in absolute values (ml·min−1). The signals obtained were transferred to the acquisition and data analysis software (PowerLab 4/25, ML845, ADInstruments, Colorado Springs, CO, USA). Data was digitized at a sampling frequency of 1000 samples per second. The hind limb blood flow (HBF) was calculated by using the following equation: (ABF) − (2 x RBF).
6
Ventricular Function and Compliance Measurement
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LV end-systolic pressure, LV EDP, and LV developed pressure (LVDP) were determined from digitalized data files using LabVIEW 2014 (National Instruments, Austin, Tex). LVDP was defined as the difference between end-systolic pressure and EDP for each data point. Ventricular function and compliance were assessed through changes in LVDP and EDP, respectively, over a series of identical intracavitary balloon volumes. Fewer numbers at the 60-minute reperfusion time point indicates myocyte loss before 60 minutes.
Coronary flow rates were measured every 5 minutes by an inline N-series flow probe and a T206 flow meter (Transonic Systems, Ithaca, NY) and compared as described previously.11 (link)
Coronary flow rates were measured every 5 minutes by an inline N-series flow probe and a T206 flow meter (Transonic Systems, Ithaca, NY) and compared as described previously.11 (link)
7
Inducing Liver Cirrhosis in Wistar Rats
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For this study, 23 age-matched male Wistar rats, weighing 200 to 250 grams, were divided into two groups. Five animals served as a control group and in 18 animals liver cirrhosis was induced by adding thioacetamide (TAA, Sigma-Aldrich N.V., Bornem, Belgium) to their drinking water according to protocol [17 (link)]. Initially, a concentration of 0.03% of TAA in drinking water was used. Subsequently, concentrations were adapted weekly depending on individual body weight. Practically, TAA concentrations were increased (decreased) with 50% if the weight increased (decreased) more than 20 g weekly or if the overall weight increased (decreased) more than 60 g [17 (link)]. At 18 weeks, the carotid artery and portal vein were cannulated for measurement of portal venous pressure, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and mesenteric blood flow (MBF) [17 (link)]. MBF was determined via a 1 millimeter non-constrictive perivascular flow probe (1RB, Transonic, Ithaca, NY) connected to a T-206 flowmeter. Blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes (BD Vacutainer®) by puncturing the aortic bifurcation for the measurement of plasma copeptin levels and routine biochemical analysis. To confirm cirrhosis in the animals, liver tissue was collected and fixed in formaldehyde 6% solution, embedded in paraffin and stained with Sirius-red.
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