Oil red dye

Styrene (St, 99.5%), divinylbenzene (DVB, 80%), acrylic acid (AA, 99%), potassium perisulfite (APS, 98%), azodiethylbutyronitrile (AIBN, 99%), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 99%), 1-chlorodecane (CD, 99%), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, M_w = 20,000–30,000, 88% hydrolysis) were purchased from Bailingwei Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)–2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT, ≥98%) was acquired from Nanjing Keygen Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Lipiodol (containing iodine (I) 480 mg/mL) was purchased from Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM), PBS were purchased from Nanjing Keygen Biotech. Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Cisplatin (Pt) was purchased from Shandong Boyuan Co., Ltd. (Shangdong, China). Oil red dye was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 8spheres® was purchased from Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (China). The sizes of 8spheres® beads used in our study are 100–300 μm, similar with our Janus particle-engineered structural lipiodol droplets. In this experiment, we used deionized water (Millipore) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm. Xylazine hydrochloride injection was purchased from Shengda Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Jilin, China).

For analysis of adipogenic differentiation, the cells (2 × 10⁴ cells/cm²) were sown on Petri dishes (Corning, Corning, NY, USA), covered with 0.1% gelatin (Sigma, Steinheim, Germany), and grown to 90% confluence. The cells were then incubated for 5 weeks in a medium composed of 10% FCS, 10 μg/mL insulin (Sigma, Steinheim, Germany), 1 μM dexamethasone (Sigma), 250 μM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (Sigma), and 200 μM indomethacin (MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA). The medium was changed every 3 days. To detect fat deposition, the cells were fixed with 10% formaldehyde for 30 min. Fat drops were stained with Oil Red dye (Sigma, USA) according to the protocol of the manufacturer. Images were taken at 200× magnification. Control cells were cultured in growth medium without the addition of stimulating factors.

The PFPE polymer, Zdol, was obtained from Solvay Solexis Inc. 2,3-Dihydrodecafluoropentane,
commercially known as Vertrel XF, was purchased from Miller Stephenson
Chemical Co., and it was used as the solvent for preparing Zdol solutions.
Hexadecane, acetone, and Oil red dye were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
Isopropanol (IPA) was obtained from Fisher Scientific. All the chemicals
were used as received. Deionized (DI) water was produced from a Millipore
Academic A10 system (total organic carbon lower than 40 ppb). Plastic
substrates, including PMMA, PS, and PC were purchased from McMaster-Carr,
and cut into 2 cm × 3 cm pieces. 1 g/L Zdol solution was prepared
by mixing 1 g neat Zdol and 1 L Vertrel XF, with which Zdol was coated
on 3 plastics by a dip-coating procedure reported in previous studies.^{4 (link),16 (link),41 (link)}