All experiments were performed in accordance with approved animal protocols and guidelines established by Kyung Hee University and Korea Institute Toxicology. Animal surgery was processed as previously described [13 (link)15 (link)] with some modifications. Sprague Dawley rats (230~280 g) were anesthetized by injection of chloral hydrate (360 mg/kg, i.p.) and positioned in a stereotaxic apparatus. And received a unilateral administration of PBS or LPS into the right SN (anteroposterior −5.2 mm, mediolateral −2.1 mm, dorsoventral −7.8 mm from bregma), according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1998). All injections were made using a Hamilton syringe equipped with a 30s gauge beveled needle and attached to a syringe pump (KD Scientific, MA, USA). Infusions were made at a rate of 0.2 µl/min for LPS (5 µg/3 µl in sterile PBS; Sigma, Saint Louis, USA) and for PBS as a control. For neutralization of IL-4, some of animals received LPS with anti-murine IL-4-neutralizing antibody (IL-4NA; 1 µg/µl; R&D Systems) or nonspecific goat IgG (gIgG; 1 µg/µl; R&D Systems) as a control. After injection, the needle was left in place for an additional 5 min before slowly retracted.
30s gauge beveled needle
Manufactured by KD Scientific
Sourced in United States
The 30s gauge beveled needle is a precision medical device designed for accurate and minimally invasive procedures. With a small diameter of 30s gauge, it provides a precise and controlled delivery of fluids or substances. The beveled tip design ensures smooth insertion and reduces patient discomfort. This needle is suitable for a variety of applications where a fine, precise, and gentle approach is required.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
3 protocols using 30s gauge beveled needle
1
Intracerebral LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation
2
Rat Hippocampal Amyloid-Beta Injection
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Rats were anesthetized and positioned in a stereotaxic apparatus (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA). A midline sagittal incision was made in the scalp, and holes were drilled in the skull over the dorsal hippocampus using the following coordinates: 3.6 mm posterior to the bregma and 2.0 mm lateral to the midline for intrahippocampal injections according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson [27 ]. The hole of the tip was directed down to 2.6 mm beneath the surface of the brain for the hippocampus. All injections were made using a Hamilton syringe equipped with a 30S gauge beveled needle and attached to a syringe pump (KD Scientific, New Hope, PA). Infusions were made at a rate of 0.2 μl/min for Aβ1-42 (1 nmol in 2 μl). After injection, the needle was left in place for an additional 5 min before being slowly retracted.
3
Neuroinflammation Induction in Rat SN
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Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (230-280 g) were anesthetized by injection of chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p.), positioned in a stereotaxic apparatus and received a unilateral administration of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or LPS (5 μg in 3 μl of PBS; Sigma-Aldrich) into the right SN (anteroposterior (AP) 5.1 mm, mediololateral (ML) 2.0 mm, dorsoventral (DV) 7.9 mm from bregma), according to the atlas of Paxinos and Watson (2005) . All injections were performed by using a Hamilton syringe equipped with a 30 s gauge beveled needle attached to a syringe pump (KD Scientific, MA, USA). Infusions were performed at a rate of 0.5 μl/min for LPS or PBS as a control. After injection, animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation and brains were harvested at indicated time points.
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