T 2 tetraol

The substances utilized for cell culture and reagent-grade chemicals include Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), streptomycin, penicillin, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), trypsin/EDTA solutions, newborn calf serum (NBCS), sodium azide (NaN₃), β–nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (β-NADPH), GSH, GSSG, NAC, BSO, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), o-phtaldialdehyde (OPT), t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (Triton-X100), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane (Tris), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and H₂O₂ were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol (MeOH) was acquired from Merck Life Science S.L. (Madrid, Spain). A Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, Burlington, MA, USA) was used to produce deionized water (resistivity < 18 MΩ cm). Standards of T-2 (MW: 466.52 g/mol), Neosolaniol (Neo; MW: 382.40 g/mol), T-2 triol (MW: 382.45 g/mol), and T-2 tetraol (MW: 298.33 g/mol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Stock solutions of the mycotoxins were made in MeOH at the proper working concentrations and kept at a constant temperature of −20 °C in the dark.

Mycotoxin standards (NIV, SCIRP, DON, T2 TETRAOL, FUS-X, MAS, 15-ADON, 3-ADON, T2 TRIOL, NEO, DAS, and HT-2, T-2) were purchased from Sigma (Deisenhofen, Germany). Acetonitrile, hexane, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, anhydrous sodium sulphate, and other chemicals were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and were analytical grade. Trifluoracetic anhydride (TFAA), used as a derivatization reagent, was purchased from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA).