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1 477 protocols using vevo 2100

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Echocardiography in Mouse Cardiac Function

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Echocardiography was performed on a FUJIFILM VisualSonics (Bothell, WA) Vevo 2100 using an MS550D (40 MHz) transducer as described previously. Briefly, mice were anesthetized in an induction chamber filled with 1% isoflurane. The left ventricle anterior/posterior wall thickness during diastole, the left ventricle internal dimension during diastole, the LV fractional shortening, and the cardiac output were obtained from the parasternal short axis view using M‐mode. Results were calculated using VisualSonics Vevo 2100 analysis software (version 1.6) with a cardiac measurements package, and were based on the average of at least 3 cardiac cycles.
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Cardiac Function Assessment in Mice

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Cardiac function in WT and DCM mice that were anesthetized with 2% Isoflurane via inhalation was assessed by echocardiography using a Vevo 2100 (Fujifilm, Visual Sonics, Inc., Toronto, Canada) with a MS-550D 22–55 MHz transducer. Left ventricular internal diameter, wall thickness, and contractile function were measured using parasternal long-axis M-mode imaging and the Visual Sonics Vevo 2100 analysis package as described previously [12 (link)].
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Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Function

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Echocardiography was performed in the AAC cell-ablation experiment immediately following the AAC surgery to determine the peak velocity at the constriction, 2 weeks after surgery before the randomization to DTX or Vehicle group and at 4 and 8 weeks after the surgery in low dose isoflurane anesthesia (1.5%) using a 28MHz linear array transducer connected to a digital ultrasound console (Vevo 2100 Visualsonics). Images and loops were stored and analyzed offline using the Vevo 2100 analysis software (1.6.0 Visualsonics).
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Evaluating Cardiac Function via Echocardiography

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Echocardiograph was carried out to evaluate cardiac function (49 (link)). Briefly, mice were anesthetized via inhalation of 1.5% isoflurane in oxygen (flow rate: 0.3 L/min). Transthoracic echocardiogram was conducted using VisualSonics equipment (Vevo2100) with a 30-MHz probe. Representative echocardiographic images were taken and shown in Supplementary Figure S2. Each echocardiographic measurement was done in triplicate. The data were analyzed by computer software (Vevo2100, VisualSonics). To assess cardiac hypertrophy, isolated hearts were weighed, and the data were normalized to body weights and tibia lengths.
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Echocardiographic Assessment of Ythdf2 Mice

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Echocardiography was performed in Ythdf2wildtype and Ythdf2Lyz2 Cre mice after 4 weeks of Su/Hx treatment using a Visual Sonics Vevo 2100 ultrasound machine. Velocity time integral (VTI), PA acceleration time (PAT) and PA ejection time (PET) were measured, and the results were calculated using Visual Sonics Vevo 2100 analysis software (v.1.6) with a cardiac measurement package.
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Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Function

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Animal cardiac function was assessed using a high-frequency ultrasound system Vevo® 2100 (VisualSonics, Toronto, Canada) and analyzed with Vevo® 2100 software, version 1.7.0, as established previously [49 (link),50 (link)]. In brief, echocardiography was performed on mice under general anesthesia (1–1.5% v/v isoflurane, Baxter, Singapore), B-mode recordings were obtained from a long-axis view of the LV to analyze cardiac left ventricular volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). To assess global cardiac dysfunction (both systolic and diastolic) in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, myocardial performance index (MPI), a parameter defined as the sum of the isovolumic contraction time and relaxation time divided by the ejection time, was determined by Doppler echocardiography of left ventricular inflow and outflow [51 (link),52 (link)]. Echocardiography was performed and analyzed by a researcher blinded for the treatment of animals.
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Cardiac Function Assessment Post-MI in Mice

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On day 1 and day 28 post-MI induction, mice were anaesthetized with 2% isoflurane and their cardiac function was determined using a Visual Sonics Vevo 2100 system (Visual Sonics Vevo 2100). Values of ejection fraction (EF, %), fractional shortening (FS, %), left ventricular systolic internal diameter (LVID-s, mm) and left ventricular diastolic internal diameter (LVID-d, mm) were documented. Five consecutive cardiac cycles were checked and analysed. The operator was blinded to the allocation of animals.
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8

Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound Imaging in Mice

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Images were acquired using the Visualsonics Vevo 2100 imaging platform with the 30mHz and 40mHz probes using the Cardiology package (Visualsonics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Measurements were made on the machine itself. Gain, compress, focus depth, image offset, and frame rate were adjusted to obtain optimal images for measurement.
An initial ultrasound-guided embryo “map” was made at the start of every image acquisition using a free-hand technique. Embryos were identified by their relationship to the dam’s bladder. Embryos on the right were numbered sequentially inferiorly to superiorly as R1, R2, R3, etc. Embryos on the left were similarly numbered as L1, L2, L3, etc. in the same manner. At the time of dissection, embryos were identified and labeled prior to genotyping.
For each embryo, the following images were acquired: full body long axis, 4-chamber view of the heart, M-mode through both ventricles, pulse-wave inflow-outflow doppler on the left side of the heart, and pulse wave doppler through the descending aorta. These images were acquired with the transducer mounted on the Visualsonics Vevo 2100 fixed rail system to ensure stability of the image.
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Tumor Screening and Quantification in Mice

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Mice were screened for tumors by abdominal palpation. Palpable tumors were verified by high-resolution ultrasound (Vevo 2100, VisualSonics). Animals with average tumor diameters greater than 5 mm were enrolled in the treatment study as described17 (link). Tumor volumes were determined by automated three-dimensional (3D) B-mode imaging along the entire length of the tumor (VisualSonics). Reconstructed three-dimensional ultrasound imaging data sets were analyzed and tumor volumes were quantified using the integrated Vevo 2100 software package (VisualSonics) by an examiner blinded to the genotype of the animals. Macroscopic tumor perfusion was analyzed using the Doppler mode of the Vevo 2100 system.
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10

Cardiac Function Assessment in Mice

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Cardiac function was assessed in anesthetized mice (1–3% isoflurane, 100% oxygen) by transthoracic echocardiography using a high-resolution ultrasound system (Vevo 2100; VisualSonics) equipped with a 40-MHz linear array transducer (MS550, Vevo2100, VisualSonics). A left ventricular parasternal long-axis two-dimensional view in M-mode was performed at the level of papillary muscle to assess left ventricular wall thicknesses and internal diameters, allowing the calculation of the fractional shortening and ejection fraction by the Teicholz method as previously described53 (link). HF animal models’ characteristics are shown in Supplementary Tables 3 and 6.
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