Jsm 5900lv

The morphology of the NOCC-AHA hydrogel was tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). NOCC-AHA hydrogel was obtained by cross-linking at 37 °C and then freeze-dried. After that, the hydrogel was cryo-fractured in liquid nitrogen and the cross-sectional surface was coated with a thin layer of gold (the thickness of the gold layer is about 5–10 nm) before the measurement. The cross-sectional morphologies were observed using a scanning electron microscope (JSM-5900LV, JEOL, Japan).
Rheological characterization of the NOCC-AHA hydrogels were performed with HAAKE MARS RS6000 rheometer (Thermo Scientific, Germany) using parallel plate (P20 TiL) at 37 °C in oscillatory mode (τ = 1.000 Pa, f = 1.000 Hz, Gap = 1.000 mm, Volume = 0.4 mL, Duration = 30.00 min). The gelation time was considered as the time when storage modulus (G’) became higher than loss modulus (G”).

For the elemental analysis, it was necessary to dissolve a sample of each of the obtained precipitates (1 g) in a 1:1 solution of water-concentrated hydrochloric acid. The solutions were analyzed in a PerkinElmer Analyst 200 atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) to determine K, Fe and Cr. SO₄²⁻ was determined by gravimetric analysis as BaSO₄. The obtained solids were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with a SIEMENS D-500 using Cu Kα radiation (1.54056 Å). Morphology of the solids was examined using a JEOL JSM-5900LV scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a noran energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The precipitates were also characterized using a Perkin Elmer–Frontier fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectrometer equipped with an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory to confirm water in the crystal structure and to validate the presented formulae. The obtained precipitates were wet-sieved to separate them by particle size with the Tyler mesh size series (USA Standard Testing Sieve, ASTME-11 specifications). The used mesh sizes were the following: 120 (d₀ ≥ 125 μm), 170 (125 < d₀ ≥ 90 μm), 200 (90 < d₀ ≥ 75 μm), 270 (75 < d₀ ≥ 53 μm), 325 (53 < d₀ ≥ 44 μm), 400 (44 < d₀ ≥ 38), and 500 (38 < d₀ ≥ 25 μm).

C. reinhardtii samples - Cells were fixed in solution by adding equal volume of 5% glutaraldehyde (Electron Microscopy Sciences) in TAP medium for 15 min. Cells were collected by centrifugation and placed onto 0.1% polyethylenimine coated coverslips for 5 min. After removing non-adherent cells, the coverslips were incubated in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M sodium cacaodylate, pH 7.2 for 45 min. Samples were dried in an Autosamdri-815 critical point dryer (Tousimis Research) and sputter coated before imaging in a JEOL JSM-5900LV scanning electron microscope. Cell sizes were quantified by manually tracing the outline of cells in Metamorph.
Mice – Tail clips taken from E12.5 embryos obtained after mating Pam^+/- mice were used to determine the genotype; embryos were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 1x PBS and tail clips were used to determine the genotype. Embryos were cut in half at the midline using a sharp scalpel in fixative and washed with 0.1M cadodylate buffer. Subsequent steps were performed essentially as described above for C. reinhardtii cells. Two pairs of WT and Pam^-/- embryos were examined; ciliary density and length were manually measured for both sets using Metamorph. Representative plots from one of two experiments that gave similar results are shown.
Planarian samples - Animals were processed for SEM as described in (Rompolas et al., 2010 (link)).

Cells were grown in MRS (35 ml) to logarithmic and stationary phases. The cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 3,166 × g for 15 min at room temperature. The cell pellets were resuspended in a fresh 1:1 (vol/vol) fixative mixture of 6% glutaraldehyde and 0.2 M sodium cacodylate (pH 5.5) and stored at 4°C. Sample processing for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed by the Center for Electron Microscopy at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. SEM samples were viewed with a JEOL JSM 5900LV scanning electron microscope at 15 kV. TEM samples were viewed with a JEOL 100S transmission electron microscope. Surface layer thickness was measured with a ruler (in milliliters) scaled to the micrograph scale bar (in micrometers or nanometers) for each image. The sample size ranged from 20 to 29 individual cells for each strain at each phase.

The cross-sectional morphologies of the crosslinked PEN films were observed with SEM (JEOL JSM-5900LV) operating at 20 kV. The thermal curing behavior of the crosslinked film was performed on TA Instrument DSC-Q100 with a heating and cooling rate of 10 °C/min from room temperature to 350 °C and in a nitrogen flow rate of 50 mL/min. Thermal gravimetric analysis of the crosslinked PEN film was obtained with a TA Instruments TGA-Q50 at a heating rate of 20 °C/min from room temperature to 600 °C under nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere. DMA test was carried out on TA-Q800 at a heating rate of 5 °C/min from 50 °C to 420 °C. TMA test was performed on a TA-Q400 and the dielectric properties were monitored according to the ASTM D150 on a HP4284A precision LCR meter. The mechanical properties were investigated by SANS CMT6104 Series Desktop Electromechanical Universal Testing Machine. Electric breakdown strength was tested by Dielectric Withstand Voltage Tester (ZJC-50KV). Electric displacements-electric field (D-E) loops were measured at 10 Hz with a Premier II ferroelectric test system (Radiant Technologies, Inc.) and the energy density of the materials in supporting was extracted from the D-E loops.