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83 protocols using pet28a

1

Recombinant Human OTUB1 Protein

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PCR amplified from cDNA (purchased from YouBio) using the oligonucleotides F-hOTUB1 to introduce an NcoI site at the translational start codon and encode a 6×His tag, and R-hOTUB1 to introduce an XhoI site at the end of the ORF. To generate a hOTUB1 recombinant protein with a hexa-histidine-tagged site at the N-terminus, the corresponding PCR product was gel-purified, double-digested and cloned into the pET28a (Merck), forming the recombinant plasmid pET28a_hOTUB1. To construct expression vector for hOTUB1-cat (the N-terminal 39 residues were removed), F-hOTUB1-Δ39 to introduce an NcoI site at the translational start codon and encode a 6×His tag, and R-hOTUB1 to introduce an XhoI site at the end of the ORF. The PCR product was purified and cloned into the pET28a (Merck), forming the recombinant plasmid pET28a_hOTUB1-cat. Site-directed mutation was based on pET28a_hOTUB1-cat and followed the similar procedures with that of OsOTUB1, except that the paired primers were used to generate P87G (by F-P87G/R-87G) and SGS (by F-SGS/R-SGS), respectively.
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2

Cloning and Expression of IMT-CBD-mCherry

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E. coli Top10 cells were used for all cloning experiments. Codon optimized sequence of IMT-CBD-mC for expression in E. coli was obtained from Genscript® with the CBD of Cellulomonas fimi cenA (N-terminal 115 amino acids coding gene sequence) placed upstream to, and separated from mCherry gene sequence, by 8X glycine linker GGTGGTGGTGGTGGCGGAGGTGGT and a HindIII site, flanked by BamHI and XhoI 5’ and 3’ terminally respectively, in pUC57 (Genscript, Piscataway, N.J., USA) vector. The sequence was subcloned into a pET28a (Novagen, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) vector and was used to clone IMT-CBD-mC in pET28a to obtain pET28a-CBD-mC.
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3

Cloning and Expression Vectors Construction

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To generate pET28a(+)-EGFP, the eGFP gene was excised out from pEGFP-N3 (Clontech/TaKaRa) by restriction digestion and cloned into pET28a(+) (Merck-Novagen, Cat# 69864) using BamHI and NotI (Thermo Fisher Scientific). To generate expression vectors pET28a(+) Stp1 and pET28a(+) PknB/Stk1, respective genes were amplified by PCR using chromosomal DNA form S. aureus as template and indicated primers ordered at Merck-Sigma (supplemental Table S3). PCR-generated DNA fragments were cloned into pET28a(+) by restriction digestion using NdeI and BamHI. All constructs were sequence verified by Sanger sequencing.
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4

Generating Anti-CDKG1 Polyclonal Antibodies

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pET28a-CDKG1 or pET28a-CDKG1∆N (missing residues 1–92) were made by PCR amplification from pGEM-T-CDKG1 using primer sets described in Supplementary file 2 and ligation into pET28a (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA) at NdeI/EcoRI sites. pGST-MAT3 was generated as described previously (Olson et al., 2010 (link)). All recombinant proteins were expressed using E.coli BL21 codon plus-RIL strain (Agilent Technologies). Purification of insoluble 6xHis-CDKG1 and 6xHis-CDKG1∆N was performed under denaturing conditions as described previously (Olson et al., 2010 (link)). Purified 6xHis-CDKG1 was cut out from a Coomassie blue stained SDS-PAGE gel and sent to Cocalico Biological Inc. (Reamstown, PA) to generate rabbit polyclonal anti-sera. Polyclonal antibodies raised against CDKG1 were affinity purified with AminoLink Plus Resin (Pierce Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) coupled to purified His-CDKG1∆N as described previously (Olson et al., 2010 (link)).
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5

Cloning and Mutagenesis of Tri5 Gene

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F. graminearum cDNA was prepared as described previously (29 ) and used for Tri5 cloning. The Tri5 ORF was initially amplified with its single intron and cloned in frame with an N-terminal 6xHis-Tag into plasmid pET28a (Millipore Sigma) using primers F_tri5_NdeI and R_tri5_NotI. The intron was subsequently removed with these primers and primers Tri5-Exon1-R and Tri5-Exon2-F by overlapextension PCR followed by religation into pET28a. The resulting plasmid was Sanger sequenced and tested for trichodiene synthase activity upon expression in E. coli. The intron was identified by comparison to the well-characterized F. sporotrichioides Tri5, which was also initially cloned with this intron and was similarly removed prior to obtaining a functional Tri5 enzyme (8 (link)). All PCR utilized Phusion™ high-fidelity polymerase (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA). The Tri5N225D S229T mutant was subsequently created via Q5 Site-directed Mutagenesis (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA) using the primers Tri5N225D S229T Q5 1 and Tri5N225D S229T Q5 2 following the manufacturer-recommended conditions to create the pET28a-Tri5N225D S229T plasmid.
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6

Recombinant KAA-1 Gene Expression

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The recombinant KAA-1 gene was designed by back-translation from its amino acid sequence and synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies (IA, USA). The KAA-1 coding region flanked by the restriction enzyme recognition sites was amplified by means of the PCR using a primer pair of rKAA1_F (5′-GATAGCTAGCGGCCGCTATACAGTTCAAAACC-3′) and rKAA1_R (5′-GATCCTCGAGTTAGCTCGCCACGCCTTTAAAG-3′), where underlined nucleotides represent the recognition sites for Nhe I and Xho I, respectively. The PCR using PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase (Takara Bio) consisted of denaturation at 98 °C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles consisting of denaturation at 98 °C for 10 s, annealing at 60 °C for 5 s, and extension at 72 °C for 70 s, and the final extension step at 72 °C for 5 min. An amplified DNA fragment was subcloned into pET-28a(+) (Merck) to yield pET28a-rKAA1, which can express recombinant KAA-1 (rKAA-1) with the N-terminal hexa-His-tag followed by the thrombin cleavage site (Fig. 1).

A diagram of recombinant KAA-1 (rKAA-1) expression vector pET28a-rKAA1. rKAA-1 was expressed as a 6-His- and thrombin cleavage site-fused protein

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7

Recombinant Protein Expression and Purification

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For the recombinant protein expression, the CDS of NF‐YB1 and NF‐YC12 were amplified and cloned into pET28a (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and pGEX‐4T‐1 (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL) respectively. For HIS‐bHLH144‐FLAG construct, FLAG sequence was synthesized on the reverse primer, and then the amplicon was cloned into the pET28a (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
HIS‐NF‐YB1, GST‐NF‐YC12, HIS‐bHLH144‐FLAG recombinant proteins were induced in E. coli strain Rossetta, and purified by Glutathione‐Sepharose Resin Protein Purification Kit and 6 X His‐Tagged Protein Purification Kit (CWBIO, Beijing, China) respectively. Pull‐down assay was conducted as following: 50 μL equilibrated Glutathione High Capacity Magnetic Agarose Beads (Sigma, St Louis, MO) or anti‐FLAG M2 Magnetic beads (Cat No. M8823, Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was mixed with 500 μg of each recombinant protein in 600 μL pull‐down buffer (50 mm Tris‐HCl pH = 7.5, 5% glycerol, 1 mm EDTA, 1 mm DTT, 1 mm PMSF, 0.01% Nonidet P‐40, 150 mm KCl) under 4 °C for 2 h. The bound proteins together with the beads were collected, washed with pull‐down buffer twice, eluted with 50 μL 1× PBS and immune detected by GST (Cat: CW0085, CWBIO, Beijing, China), HIS (Cat: CW0083, CWBIO, Beijing, China) and FLAG (Cat: CW0287, CWBIO, Beijing, China) antibodies respectively.
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8

Recombinant KAA-1 Gene Expression

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The recombinant KAA-1 gene was designed by back-translation from its amino acid sequence and synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies (IA, USA). The KAA-1 coding region flanked by the restriction enzyme recognition sites was amplified by means of the PCR using a primer pair of rKAA1_F (5′-GATAGCTAGCGGCCGCTATACAGTTCAAAACC-3′) and rKAA1_R (5′-GATCCTCGAGTTAGCTCGCCACGCCTTTAAAG-3′), where underlined nucleotides represent the recognition sites for Nhe I and Xho I, respectively. The PCR using PrimeSTAR HS DNA Polymerase (Takara Bio) consisted of denaturation at 98 °C for 5 min, followed by 30 cycles consisting of denaturation at 98 °C for 10 sec, annealing at 60 °C for 5 s, and extension at 72 °C for 70 s, and the final extension step at 72 °C for 5 min. An amplified DNA fragment was subcloned into pET-28a(+) (Merck) to yield pET28a-rKAA1, which can express recombinant KAA-1 (rKAA-1) with the N-terminal hexa-His tag followed by the thrombin cleavage site (Fig. 1).

A diagram of recombinant KAA-1 (rKAA-1) expression vector pET28a-rKAA1. rKAA-1 was expressed as a 6-His- and thrombin cleavage site-fused protein

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9

Generation and Characterization of RanBPM Mutants

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pCMV-HA-RanBPM and deletion mutants have been previously described [34 (link),36 (link)]. pEBG-GST-ΔN-c-Raf was a gift from Dr. Zhijun Luo (Boston University, Boston, MA, USA). pET28a-ΔN-c-Raf was generated by isolating ΔN-c-Raf from pEBG-GST-ΔN-c-Raf and subcloning into pET28a (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). pBSK-HA-Ubiquitin was a gift from Dr. Lina Dagnino (Western University, London, ON, Canada). pCGN-HA-RMND5A was obtained by subcloning RMND5A cDNA obtained by RT-PCR from a Jurkat T cell cDNA library into pCGN-HA plasmid. All pGEX4T1-GST-RanBPM wild-type (WT) and mutant constructs were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subcloned in the pGEX4T1 vector (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Little Chalfont, UK). RanBPM point mutants (pGEX-4T-1-GST-C4 Q703L T750L and pCMV-HA-RanBPM R625L E626L) were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. All PCR reactions were performed using KOD Hot Start Polymerase PCR kit (EMD Millipore).
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10

Tde-SAS and Tde-SAH Protein Expression and Cloning

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The Tde-SAS (TDE_RS08190, formerly TDE1711) and Tde-SAH (TDE_RS08100, formerly TDE1690) genes were PCR amplified from T. denticola ATCC 35405T genomic DNA and cloned into pET28a (+) (Novagen, Merck Millipore) via BamHI/XhoI to create plasmids pET28a-Tde-SAS and pET28a-Tde-SAH, respectively (Table S1). The catalytic domain (Tde-SAS1–246) of Tde-SAS was analogously cloned to create plasmid pET28a-Tde-SAS1–246. The FN0926 gene from Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586T was analogously cloned into pET28a to create plasmid pET28-Fn-SAS. The Tde-SAHD74A mutant was created using the Phusion site-directed mutagenesis kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The Tde-SAH and Tde-SAHD74A genes were respectively subcloned into pGEX-4T1 expression vectors via BamHI/XhoI to create plasmids pGEX-Tde-SAH and pGEX-Tde-SAHD74A. The genes were analogously PCR amplified and cloned into pBAD33 plasmids (67 (link)). PCR primer details are shown in Table S2. Plasmid integrity was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The plasmids were routinely maintained in E. coli DH10B (Invitrogen) and cultivated in Luria Bertani (LB) or LB-agar media (USB) containing kanamycin (50 μg/mL).
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