Hydrated sodium acetate

Analytical-grade chemicals were the only ones utilized in all the tests. Chemicals for identifying and characterizing compounds were supplied by Sigma Aldrich, located in Darmstadt, Germany. To estimate polyphenols and antioxidant capacity, the following materials were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia): potassium ferrocyanide (III), hydrated sodium acetate, trichloroacetic acid, vanillin, ammonium molybdate, sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent, 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), catechin, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), 2,4,6 tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), and 3-hydrobenzoic acid, as well as quercetin.

Analytical, HPLC and LCMS-grade chemicals were used in this study. Gallic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, vanillin, L-ascorbic acid, iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (Fe[III]Cl₃•6H₂O), sodium phosphate dibasic hepta-hydrate (Na₂HPO₄•7H₂O), hexahydrate aluminium chloride sodium phosphate, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (Na₂HPO₄•H₂O), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ferrozine, hydrated sodium acetate, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA), potassium ferrocyanide (III), iron (II) and iron (III) chloride, 3-hydrobenzoic acid (C₇H₆O₃), ammonium molybdate, iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate, catechin, quercetin, DPPH, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) and ABTS were purchased from the Sigma Aldrich (Castle Hill, Australia) for the estimation of polyphenols and antioxidant potential. Hydrogen peroxide (30%) and Sodium carbonate anhydrous were purchased from Chem-Supply Pty Ltd. (Adelaide, Australia) and 98% sulfuric acid was purchased from RCI Labscan (Rongmuang, Thailand). HPLC and LC-MS grade reagents include ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, formic acid, glacial acetic acid and iron (III) chloride anhydrous were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc (Scoresby, Australia). HPLC standards were also purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Water for all assays was Milli‐Q water (deionized) obtained via Millipore Milli‐Q Gradient Water Purification System (Darmstadt, Germany). The standards for antioxidant assays included gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, L‐ascorbic acid, and 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox) were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
For the estimation of polyphenols and antioxidant potential, sodium carbonate anhydrous, sodium hydroxide pellets, and hydrogen peroxide (30%) were purchased from Chem‐Supply Pty Ltd. (Adelaide, SA, Australia) and 98% sulfuric acid was obtained from RCI Labscan Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand). The rest of all the chemicals were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (Castle Hill, NSW, Australia), including Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, hydrated sodium acetate, hexahydrate aluminum chloride, vanillin, 2,2’‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6‐tripyridyl‐s‐triazine (TPTZ), 2,2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), potassium persulfate, ferric chloride (Fe [III]Cl₃·6H₂O), ferric (III) chloride anhydrous, sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, iron (II) chloride, iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate, 3‐hydroxybenzoic acid, ferrozine, and potassium ferricyanide.