Icpoes 730 spectrometer

Phase and crystal analysis of the samples was carried out via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) studies, which were performed using a Philips X'pert pro MPD Super diffractometer equipped with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å). The morphologies of the catalysts were analyzed using a Hitachi S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM). The microstructures of the catalysts were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, JEM-2100UHR) with an acceleration voltage of 200 kV. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) for mapping and cross-section compositional line profile analysis was carried out using FEI Tecnai G2 F20 S-Twin HRTEM apparatus at 200 kV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data were obtained using a Thermo Fisher ESCALAB 250 analyzer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) with aluminum Kα radiation. Chemical component analysis was carried out via inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) using an Agilent ICPOES 730 spectrometer. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface areas of samples were measured with Micromeritics ASAP 2020 nitrogen adsorption apparatus via N₂ physisorption at 77 K.

FTIR spectroscopy was carried out on a Spectrum Two Spectrometer operating at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ over 4000–450 cm⁻¹; the sample for FTIR spectroscopy was lyophilized and ground with KBr to prepare KBr pellets.
TEM was performed on a JEOL JEM-2100F transmission electron microscope. The suspension was spotted on formvar-coated Ni or Cu grids, and the samples on Ni or Cu grids were then dried under vacuum.
XPS was performed using K-Alpha X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Binding energies were referenced to the C 1s line at 284.8 eV from adventitious carbon. The samples for XPS were re-dissolved with deionized water three times to get rid of the unattached Mb–Cu molecules.
ICP-AES was performed on an Agilent ICP-OES 730 Spectrometer operating with a plasma gas flow of 15 L/min, an auxiliary gas flow of 1.5 L/min, and an atomizing gas pressure of 200 kPa. The sample for ICP-AES was dissolved in double-distilled water and lyophilized.