β-estradiol-3-benzoate (EB) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was dissolved in sesame oil (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). One week following surgery, rats were separated into weight-matched groups and placed on a cyclic regimen of either 2 μg β-estradiol-3-benzoate (EB) delivered in 0.1 ml sesame oil or oil vehicle alone. This dose of EB was chosen because it has been shown to produce plasma estradiol levels comparable to that which is achieved physiologically during proestrus in intact cycling rats (Geary and Asarian, 1999 (link)). Furthermore, this dose has been shown to induce a transient decrease in food intake, similar to the decrease observed on estrus in cycling rats (Asarian and Geary, 2002 (link)). Angiotensin II (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and GLP-1 (American Peptide, California, USA) were each dissolved in sterile 0.9% saline. Intra-LV injections were administered using a 10-μl syringe (Hamilton, Reno, NV) connected to a 33-G injector extending 2.5 mm past the guide cannula (Plastics One, Roanoke, VA) via Tygon tubing (VWR, Radnor, PA). Injections were delivered at a rate of 1.0 μl/min to the LV, and injections were 2.0 μl in volume.
β estradiol 3 benzoate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
β-estradiol-3-benzoate is a chemical compound used as a reference standard in analytical and research applications. It is a synthetic derivative of the natural hormone estradiol. The core function of this product is to serve as a reference material for the identification and quantification of estradiol and related compounds in various analytical procedures.
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Lab products found in correlation
Progesterone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Angiotensin 2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sesame oil, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tygon tubing, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Ab203576, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Ab5905, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sc 32791, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
E2257, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
S3547, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Digoxin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Abiraterone acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Atovaquone, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using β estradiol 3 benzoate
1
Cyclic EB Administration Modulates Food Intake
2
Rat Neuroendocrine Regulation: Estrogen Signaling
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Ten-week old male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were purchased from the laboratory animal center of Xi’an Jiaotong University (Xi’an, China). The animals were housed in a temperature- (21 ± 1 °C) and humidity-controlled (60–65%) animal care facility with a 12 h light/12 h dark cycle and unrestricted access to food and tap water. The animal protocol was approved by the Animal Care Committee of Shaanxi Normal University (Xi’an, China). All manipulations were performed in accordance with the ethical principles of animal use and care. All animals were adapted to the laboratory conditions for 7 days before starting the experiment.
The following reagents were used: β-estradiol 3-benzoate (E8515, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), sesame oil (S3547, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), β-estradiol suitable for cell culture (E2257, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), ICI182,780 (estrogen receptor antagonist, 1047, TOCRIS, Bristol, UK), letrozole (aromatase inhibitor, 4382, TOCRIS, Bristol, UK), and primary antibodies (Klotho (AF1819, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, immunostaining and Western blot), Klotho (ab203576, Abcam, Cambridge, UK Western blot), vesicular glutamate transporter (Vglut1, AB5905, Millipore, Bredford, MA, USA), and MAP2 (sc-32791, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA)).
The following reagents were used: β-estradiol 3-benzoate (E8515, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), sesame oil (S3547, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), β-estradiol suitable for cell culture (E2257, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), ICI182,780 (estrogen receptor antagonist, 1047, TOCRIS, Bristol, UK), letrozole (aromatase inhibitor, 4382, TOCRIS, Bristol, UK), and primary antibodies (Klotho (AF1819, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA, immunostaining and Western blot), Klotho (ab203576, Abcam, Cambridge, UK Western blot), vesicular glutamate transporter (Vglut1, AB5905, Millipore, Bredford, MA, USA), and MAP2 (sc-32791, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA)).
3
Antiviral Screening of Bioactive Compounds
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Vero E6 cells (5×104 cells/well 6-well plates) were cultured overnight. The cells were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in PBS (0.1 MOI) for 1 h with shaking at 20 min intervals in a CO2 incubator at 37°C, and then, 2 mL of DMEM containing 2% FBS were added to each well. After a 3 h incubation in a CO2 incubator at 37°C, the cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO, atovaquone (Sigma-Aldrich), abiraterone acetate (Sigma-Aldrich), digoxin (Sigma-Aldrich), or β-Estradiol 3-benzoate (Sigma-Aldrich) in a dose-dependent manner, and the plates were incubated for an additional 48 h. Supernatants of the virus-infected cells were collected, and virus replication was quantified using the plaque formation assay.
4
Rat Copulatory Behavior Evaluation
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The copulatory behavior test was conducted according to the previously set protocol [32 (link)]. The tests were conducted in the absence of light, with a 40-W red light bulb used to illuminate the room. Adult female rats were ovariectomized and rendered behaviorally estrous and facilitated mating by sequential injection of β-estradiol 3-benzoate (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA, 10 μg/0.1 mL sesame oil/rat) and progesterone (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA, 500 μg/0.1 mL sesame oil/rat) 48 h and 4 h before testing, respectively. Each male rat was placed in a transparent acrylic box with sawdust for 10 min so as to become habituated to the surrounding in the test box. A receptive female rat was placed in the box with the male rat, so they were free to have sexual interaction. During the test, the following sexual parameters were recorded: (a) Mount latency, the time elapsed from the entrance of receptive female rat to the first mount; (b) ejaculation latency, the time from the first intromission to the first ejaculation; (c) post-ejaculatory interval (PEI), the time from ejaculation to the next mount; (d) ejaculation frequency (EF), the number of ejaculations within a span of 30 min; and (e) total mount frequency, the number of mounts within a span of 30 min.
5
Hormone Replacement in Gonadectomized Rats
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At least 6 days after gonadectomy, we started treatment with daily intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (0.2 ml sesame oil, n = 12 females, 7 males), β-estradiol-3-benzoate (50 μg/kg/day dissolved daily in sesame oil, n = 6 females, 6 males; Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, USA), or progesterone [34 (link)] (5 mg/kg/day dissolved daily in sesame oil, n = 5 females; Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, USA) for 21 days in gonadectomized (ovariectomy, Ovx; castration, Cst) rats. In a third group, after 14 days of treatment, either hormone was replaced with the vehicle for 7 days (estrogen withdrawal, n = 6 Ovx, 7 Cst; progesterone withdrawal, n = 6 Ovx).
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