Quantaurus tau

UV/vis and fluorescence spectra were recorded in a high-pressure cell (path length: 2 mm) by using a JASCO V-650 or a JASCO FP-8500. Fluorescence lifetimes were measured in a high-pressure cell by a Hamamatsu Quantaurus-Tau single photon counting apparatus fitted with an LED light source (λ_ex = 405 nm). Nanosecond transient absorption (nsTA) measurements were performed by using a Unisoku TSP-2000 flash spectrometer-pump pulse source: Surelite-I Nd:YAG (Continuum, 4–6 ns fwhm) laser with the second harmonic at 532 nm, monitor light source: xenon lamp (150 W), and detector: photomultiplier tube. ¹H NMR spectrum of Pc-BP-Pc was recorded on an ECS-400 spectrometer.

The optical absorption and PL spectra were measured for the CsPbBr₃ QDs in solution. The absorption spectra were recorded using a ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectrophotometer (Agilent technologies, Cary 5000, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The PL spectra were carried out using an absolute PLQY spectrometer (Hamamatsu photonics, Quantaurus-QY, Hamamatsu, Japan) under UV (400 nm) illumination with a 150 W xenon lamp. The time-resolved PL decay was recorded using Fluorescence lifetime analysis (Hamamatsu photonics, Quantaurus-tau, Hamamatsu, Japan) equipped with a 405 nm, 200 kHz pulse. The high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image of QDs were obtained using Hitachi, HF-3300. Samples for TEM were prepared by dropping of the CsPbBr₃ QDs in toluene onto a carbon-coated 300 mesh copper grid with support films. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were carried out using Panalytical, X’pert-PRO (Almelo, Netherlands). For the XRD measurements, the solution of CsPbBr₃ QDs were dropped into a cleaned glass, and then dried at room temperature for 30 min. The HOMO level were measured by UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) using ULVAC-PHI. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were conducted employing PHI 5000 Versa Probe II.

Melting points were measured by a Büchi M-560 apparatus. HRMS spectra were recorded on a Bruker ESI microTOF II instrument. ¹H, ¹³C, 2D-COSY, and -HMQC NMR spectra (400 or 100 MHz) were measured in CDCl₃ containing tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard with an ECX400 NMR spectrometer. UV/vis spectra were measured in a quartz cell (1 cm path length) by recording on a JASCO V-650 spectrometer equipped with an ETCS-761 temperature controller. Fluorescence spectra were measured in the same cell using a JASCO FP-8500 spectrophotometer equipped with an ETC-815 temperature controller. Fluorescence lifetime decays were observed in the same cell by a Hamamatsu Quantaurus-Tau single-photon-counting instrument fitted with an LED excitation light (340 nm). IR spectra were measured on a JASCO FT/IR-4700 spectrometer. The molecular weights of the PTs were determined using polystyrene standards through an analytical GPC with a TOSOH TSKgel α-4000 column (condition: 40 °C, 0.5 mL min⁻¹, DMF).

Transmittance spectra of the glass specimens were measured using a spectrophotometer (V670, JASCO) across a spectral range from 190 to 2700 nm with 1 nm intervals. The PL excitation/emission spectra were measured by a spectrofluorometer (FP-8600, JASCO) which equipped a Xe-lamp. The range of monitored wavelength was from 300 to 600 nm while the excitation wavelength was 260 nm. Excitation spectra was measured from 200 to 350 nm when the monitored wavelength was 440 nm. PL QYs were measured using Quantaurus-QY (C11347, Hamamatsu Photonics) at R.T. QY includes the measurement errors in ± 2%. The monitored excitation/emission wavelength ranges were 250–350 and 350–750 nm with 10 nm intervals, respectively. To determine an origin of luminescence, PL lifetime measurements were performed using Quantaurus-Tau (C11367, Hamamatsu Photonics).

The T_g was determined by differential thermal analysis at a heating rate of 10 °C/min using a TG8120 (Rigaku). The PL and PLE spectra were measured at room temperature using an F9000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Hitachi). The absorption spectra were measured at room temperature using a U3500 spectrophotometer (Hitachi). The emissions decay at room temperature was measured using a Quantaurus-Tau (Hamamatsu Photonics) whose excitation light source was a 4.43-eV (280-nm) LED operated at a frequency of 10 kHz. The photoluminescence dynamics were also evaluated using a streak camera and a monochromator. The light source used for photoexcitation was an optical parametric amplifier system based on a regenerative amplified mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser (Spectra Physics) with a pulse-duration of 150 fs and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The absolute QY of the glass was measured using a Quantaurus-QY (Hamamatsu Photonics).