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6 protocols using caspase 7

1

Molecular Mechanism of Drug-induced Apoptosis

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Vincristine, propidium iodide, anti-β-tubulin, FITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgG, poly-L-lysine hydrobromide, and SP600125 were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and 21-900 (HDAC/tubulin inhibitor) were synthesized by Dr. Jing-Ping Liou (School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan). The above drugs were dissolved in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) and then stored at −20 °C. The acetyl-Histone H3, cdk1, caspase 3, PLK1 (p-Thr210), cyclin B1, cdk1/cdc2 (p-Tyr15), and caspase 7 antibodies were all purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Caspase 8, PARP, MPM2 (pSer/pThr), PLK1, and α-actin were purchased from Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA). Aurora A, p-JNK, BID, BCL-2, p-BCL-2, MCL-1, BAX, BAK, Ac-α-tubulin, caspase 9, and cleaved caspase 3 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies (Beverly, MA, USA). The labeled secondary antibodies goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP and goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP were purchased from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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2

Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Mechanism

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MPT0G009 and SAHA were synthesized by Dr. Jing-Ping Liou to greater than 98% purity [12 (link)]. The non-conjugated primary antibodies used were against acetyl-α-tubulin, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4, caspase 8, caspase 9, Bid, FasL, acetyl-histone H3, phospho-NF-κB p65 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), HDAC6, PARP, BimEL, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, FLIPS/L, α-tubulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Corp., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), caspase 3 and NF-κB p65 (Imgenex, San Diego, CA, USA), caspase 7 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA), TRAIL (Acris Antibodies, San Diego, CA, USA), DR4 (BioVision Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA), DR5 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), Fas (Epitomics Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA), Flag tag (Proteintech Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The labeled secondary antibodies were horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc., West Grove, PA, USA). The HDAC1-FLAG (plasmid 13820), HDAC4-FLAG (plasmid 13821) and HDAC6-FLAG (plasmid 13823) plasmids were obtained from Addgene Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA). Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent was from Life Technologies Co., Ltd. (Grand Island, NY, USA). Unless otherwise stated, all other chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Investigating Anticancer Potency of HDAC Inhibitors

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Vincristine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA), and tubastatin A (HDAC6 inhibitor) was synthesized from Dr. Jing-Ping Liou (Taipei Medical University, Taiwan). The above drugs were dissolved in DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide) and then preserved at −20 °C. Rhodamine 123, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium, propidium iodide, anti-β-tubulin, FITC-conjugated anti-mouse IgG, and all of the other chemical reagents used in this study were purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA) and of analytical grade. Primary antibodies against Cdc2 (pY15), aurora B, caspase 8, caspase 9, HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4, and Bid were all purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA); cyclin B, Cdc25C, Cdc2, PARP, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); MPM2 (pSer/Thr) and H3 (pS10) were purchased from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY, USA); PLK (pT210), caspase 6, and caspase 7 were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA); caspase 3 was purchased from Imgenex (San Diego, CA, USA); acetyl-histone 3 was purchase from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA); and an internal control, GAPDH, was purchased from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA). Vectashield® mounting medium with DAPI was purchased from Burlingame, CA, USA.
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4

Eupatorin-induced Apoptosis Signaling

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Eupatorin was purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). The following antibodies were used according to the manufacturer's instructions: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), mouse monoclonal; cytochrome c, mouse monoclonal; caspase-7, mouse monoclonal; caspase-8, rabbit polyclonal; Bax, rabbit polyclonal; Bid, rabbit polyclonal; and AIF, rabbit polyclonal (BD PharMingen, San Diego, CA, USA); Smac/DIABLO, mouse monoclonal (BD Transduction Laboratories); caspase-3, rabbit polyclonal (Assay Designs, Ann Arbor, MI, USA); caspase-4, caspase-6 and caspase-9, mouse monoclonal (Medical & Biological Laboratories, Nagoya, Japan); Bcl-2, mouse monoclonal (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA); β-actin, mouse monoclonal (Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, USA); cytochrome c oxidase (Cox IV), mouse monoclonal (Abcam, Cambridge, UK); JNK/SAPK, Phospho-JNK/SAPK (phosphor T183 + Y185), p44/42 MAP Kinase, Phospho-p44/42 MAP Kinase (T202/Y204), p38MAPK and Phospho- p38MAPK (T180/Y182), rabbit polyclonal (New England BioLabs, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA). Polyvinylidene-difluoride membranes were purchased from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Secondary antibodies were from GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB (Little Chalfont, UK). All other chemicals were obtained from Sigma (Saint Louis, MO, USA).
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5

Apoptosis Signaling Pathway Evaluation

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Antibodies used in this work were caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Aurora B, CDC2 Thr161, P38, GAPDH, HSP27, MKK3/6 (Cell Signaling, Beverly, MA), CDC2, PARP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), PLK, caspase-7 (BD Bioscience, San Joes, CA), Histone (Ser10), and MPM2 (Millipore, Temecula, CA). RPMI 1640 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and trypsin-EDTA were obtained from Gibco/BRL. PD98059, SB203580, SP600125, and LY294002 were from Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, MO).
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6

Regulation of HDAC and p53 in Lung and Colorectal Cancers

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A549, H1299 and H460 human lung cancer cells purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA), Lu99 human lung cancer cells, purchased from the RIKEN cell bank (Tsukuba, Japan), and HCT 116 colorectal cancer cells (p53 null and p53 wild) were supplied by Dr. Kee-Ho Lee (KIRAMS, KOREA) were grown in the recommended growth medium (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). SAHA was purchased from ALEXIS Corporation (Lausen, Switzerland). Antibodies against HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, cIAP2, Mdm2, HA, Myc and β-actin were acquired from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). HDAC4, SIRT1, SIRT2, histone 3, acetyl-histone 3, acetyl-histone 4, acetyl-p53 (Lys382), puma, ubiquitin, caspase 3, cleaved PARP, p-ATM, ATM, p-ATR, ATR, p-Chk1, Chk1, p-Chk2, Chk2, p-γH2AX, γH2AX and survivin antibodies were acquired from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). XIAP, caspase 7 and p21 antibodies were purchased from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (San Diego, CA, USA), and the p53 antibody was from Novocastra Lab. Ltd. (Newcastle, UK). The Flag antibody, Nutlin-3A and MG132 were from Sigma. (St Louis, MO, USA). The siRNAs targeting HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, or HDAC4 were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Two different HDAC2 siRNAs (siHDAC #2 and siHDAC #3) and p53-specific siRNA were purchased from Ambion (Austin, TX, USA).
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