Plasma levels of NAD+ and its metabolites [NADP+, cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), nicotinamide (NAM), N-methylnicotinamide (MeNAM)] were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), as previously described [25 ]. LC/MS/MS was carried out using a UPLC-MSD assembly consisting of an Accela UPLC pump, Accela AS injector, and a TSQ Vantage bench-top mass spectrometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, US).
Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were quantitated using the MILLIPLEX® MAP Human High Sensitivity T Cell Magnetic Bead Panel immunoassay (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).
Plasma Kynurenine (Kyn) and Tryptophan (Trp) levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (Shimadzu LC-10AVP system, equipped with SPD- 10A UV detector, Kyoto, Japan), as previously described [26 (link)].