use according to known procedures; all reagents were obtained from
commercial sources or were synthesized from literature procedures
and were used without further purification unless otherwise noted.
Air-sensitive reactions were performed under slight positive pressure
of nitrogen. Room temperature is assumed to be between 20 and 25 °C.
Evaporation of solvents was accomplished under reduced pressure at
less than 40 °C, unless otherwise noted. Melting points were
taken on a Mel-Temp apparatus and are uncorrected. Chromatography
solvent systems are expressed in v:v ratios or as % v. CMA80 refers
to a solution of CHCl3–MeOH NH4OH−aq
(80:18:2). Thin layer chromatography was performed on aluminum oxide
IB-F plated from J. T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ) or silica gel 60 F254 plates from EMD (Gibbstown, NJ). Chromatograms were visualized
under UV light at 254 nm. 1H NMR spectra were obtained
at 300 MHz on a Bruker DPX300 spectrometer. 13C NMR spectra
were obtained at 75 MHz on a Bruker DPX300 spectrometer. Chemical
shift values for 1H were determined relative to an internal
tetramethylsilane standard (0.00 ppm). Chemical shift values for 13C were determined relative to solvent (CDCl3 =
77.23 ppm). Elemental analyses were performed by Atlantic Microlabs,
Norcross, GA. Purity of compounds (>95%) was established by elemental
analysis.