Images of stomatal apertures were obtained by using the rhodamine 6G-staining method53 (link). For analysis of stomatal aperture, leaves were detached from rosette leaves of 4-week-old plants and incubated in the opening buffer (5 mM KCl, 10 mM MES (2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid), 50 μM CaCl2, pH 6.15) in Petri dishes for 2 h to open the stomata. Then, the leaves were treated with the opening buffer containing 25 μM ABA, JFA1, or JFA2 for 2 h. Subsequently, the leaves were treated with the opening buffer containing with 1 μM rhodamine 6 G (Sigma) for 2 min. For intact-plant assay, 4-week-old plants were sprayed with chemical solutions containing 25 μM ABA, JFA1, or JFA2 and 0.02% Silwet L-77. Then, the plants were incubated in a growth cabinet at 22 °C under light conditions. After incubation for 3, 6, and 24 h, leaves were detached and treated with water containing 1 μM rhodamine 6 G (Sigma) for 2 min. Imaging of stomata was performed with a fluorescence microscope IX-73 (Olympus). Image analysis was performed using the ImageJ software (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ ). The width and the length of the stomatal aperture were measured, and the stomatal aperture index was calculated by dividing the aperture the length by the width. The stomatal aperture index of at least 10 stomata per leaf was calculated, with three leaves per treatment used for statistical analysis.
Rhodamine 6g
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Macao, France, Italy, Japan, Poland
Rhodamine 6G is a fluorescent dye commonly used in various laboratory applications. It is a synthetic organic compound with a distinctive red-orange color. Rhodamine 6G exhibits strong absorption and emission spectra, making it useful for fluorescence-based techniques such as microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunoassays.
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Lab products found in correlation
Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Rhodamine b, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Nile red, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Dimethyl sulphoxide, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Cremophor, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Urethane, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (cfse), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Bovine fluorescein isothiocyanate fitc labeled albumin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
L cysteine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Am630, by Cayman Chemical (4 mentions)
Sodium citrate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Fitc dextran, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Oleylamine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hoechst 33342, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Gold 3 chloride trihydrate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
253 protocols using rhodamine 6g
1
Visualizing Stomatal Aperture Regulation
2
Measuring Quantum Yield of TDBC J-Aggregates
3
Fluorescent Droplet Generation Protocol
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Resorufin sodium salt, fluorescein and rhodamine 6G (Sigma-Aldrich) solutions were prepared by dissolution in millipore water or NaCl solutions. Droplets were produced in fluorinated oil (HFE-7500, 3M) and stabilized against coalescence by a perfluoropolyether–polyethyleneglycol block-copolymer surfactant (PFPE–PEG–PFPE, Critical Micellar Concentration ∼0.03% (weight fraction)33 ). The surfactant was a kind gift from Dr E. Mayot, prepared from the carboxylic acid Krytox (157-FSH, Dupont) and polyethyleneoxide (Sigma-Aldrich), adapting the synthesis scheme described by Holtze et al.59 (link) and Scanga et al.33 60 The infra-red spectra of the surfactants used here, a detailed protocol for surfactant synthesis and the analysis of the rhodamine 6G partitioning towards the oil phase are provided in Supplementary Fig. 5 and Supplementary Notes 5 and 6 . After mixing the surfactant in the fluorinated oils, the solutions are stable and stored in closed glass flasks and handled at room temperature.
4
Rhodamine 6G Uptake Assay in Cells
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The normal and tumor cells were cultured in 24 well plates containing coverslips with RPMI culture medium at 10% SFB kept in the greenhouse at 5% CO2 at 37 ºC for 24h. The samples from the control and treated groups underwent a removal process from the culture medium and were washed with RPMI culture medium. Then 10μL of Rhodamine 6G (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) in concentration 0.02 g/mL, was added for 30min in the dark at 37 ºC. After incubation with Rhodamine 6G, for fixation, were used 100 µL of 2% paraformaldehyde for 30min, then washed with PBS. Nonbinding Rhodamine123 was removed and the cells washed with culture medium. The coverslips were placed on slides for observation in the Confocal Laser fluorescence microscope (Fluoview™ 300) and the images were documented and analyzed. The analysis of the total occupied area and the fluorescence intensity was performed using the ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health).
5
Intracellular Accumulation Assay for C. auris
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Intracellular accumulation assay was performed according to the protocol by Srivastava and Ahmad [5 (link)], with minor modification. Briefly, C. auris isolates were grown overnight in YPD broth medium at 37 °C. Then, C. auris suspensions were incubated with FLU and FAR as previously described in Section 2.3 . Post incubation, cells were pelleted (5000× g for 5 min) and washed in sterile PBS. Cells were re-suspended in sterile PBS (1 mL) supplemented with 2% glucose and 4 μM rhodamine 6G (Sigma, Taufkirchen, Germany) and incubated at 37 °C for 30 min. Cells were then washed twice with cold sterile PBS and 1 mL of fresh PBS was added to the pellet. Afterwards, 100 μL of suspension was pipetted into a flat-bottomed dark 96 well plate (Costar®, Kennebunk, ME, USA) and fluorescence was measured with a fluorescence spectrophotometer (Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland). The results were evaluated using MagellanTM Data Analysis Software and the intensity of fluorescence of samples was determined by relative fluorescence units (RFUs). The same suspension was immediately used for microscopy. Fluorescence was detected by an inverted fluorescence microscope (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) with excitation/emission spectra 525/548 nm. The pictures were captured by AxioCam ERc5s (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) and evaluated by software Motic Images Plus 3 (Hong Kong, China).
6
SERS Substrate Performance Evaluation with R6G and Parathion-Ethyl
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Rhodamine 6G (83697, Sigma‐Aldrich) was used as the Raman reporter to assess the performance of SERS substrates. R6G molecules were dissolved into ethanol at the concentrations of 10−4, 10−5, 10−6, 10−7, 10−8, and 10−9m . One of pesticide chemicals, parathion‐ethyl (≥99.6%, 45607, Sigma‐Aldrich), was dissolved into ethanol at volume fractions of 100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 ppm, which correspond to 4.65 × 10−4, 4.65 × 10−5, 4.65 × 10−6, and 4.65 × 10−7 m , respectively.
Spin‐coating was used to deposit target molecules on the surface of SERS substrates. The spin coater (Laurell Technologies WS‐650Mz) rotated the attached SERS substrate at an initial spin speed of 100 rpm for 30 s, and during this period 150 µL solution was placed on the substrate surface. Then, the spin speed was accelerated to 2000 rpm for 2 min to deposit uniform molecule films by the centrifugal force.
Spin‐coating was used to deposit target molecules on the surface of SERS substrates. The spin coater (Laurell Technologies WS‐650Mz) rotated the attached SERS substrate at an initial spin speed of 100 rpm for 30 s, and during this period 150 µL solution was placed on the substrate surface. Then, the spin speed was accelerated to 2000 rpm for 2 min to deposit uniform molecule films by the centrifugal force.
7
Fluorescent Silicone Oil Flow Assay
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Silicone oil with a viscosity of 10,000 cSt, rhodamine fluorescent dye (Rhodamine 6G) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The silicone elastomer kit for fabricating the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chip was purchased from Dow Corning (Sylgard 184, Auburn, MI, USA). The specific substrate (DDAO-ol) was synthesized in our laboratory. Bile salt was obtained from the Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). Tris was purchased from Roche Diagnostics GmbH (Mannheim, Germany). Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4, 25 mM, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM CaCl2) was prepared by using Milli-Q Water (Millipore, Danvers, MA, USA). Orlistat was purchased from the Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd. (Dalian China). 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) was provided from Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Jiangyin, China). Sciadopitysin was ordered from Shanghai Standard Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA).
8
Synthesis of Fluorescent Silicon Wafers
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Silicon wafers were obtained from Virginia Semiconductors Inc., sodium tetraborate decahydrate, citric acid, and rhodamine 6G were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chemicals.
9
Graphite-based Nanocomposite Synthesis
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Graphite flakes, Dopamine, Rhodamine 6G, solvents, and other reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, (Milan, Italy); gold target (high purity, 99.99%) was purchased from Mateck srl (Jülich, Germany).
10
Synthesis of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers
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We prepared 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) mediated oxidised cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF) by dissolving cellulose fibers (Domsjö Fabriker AB, Örnskoldsvik, Sweden) according to the previously reported method by Saito et al.39 (link) The cellulose pulp was firstly mechanically beaten, followed by TEMPO mediated oxidation (10 mmol hypochlorite per gram of pulp) and finally disintegration via homogenization. A water suspension of TEMPO CNF at 0.4 wt% was obtained after multiple-pass homogenization (two passes), using an APV 2000 homogeniser. Graphene oxide (GO) dispersion in water with a concentration of 4 mg mL−1 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sweden). Copper(ii ) nitrate hydrate, calcium chloride hydrate, cadmium nitrate hydrate, lead(ii ) nitrate, Victoria Blue B (VB, positive charge at pH 5.6), Rhodamine B (RB, neutral at pH 4.7), Methyl Orange (MO, negative charge at pH 5.8), Rhodamine 6G (R6G, positive charge at pH 3.9), Methyl Blue (MB, negative charge at pH: 6) and Methylene Blue (MnB, positive charge at pH 7.2) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany and used as received.
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