Spss statistics software v 23

Normality of data was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Normally distributed data were expressed as the mean ± SD. Non-normally distributed data were represented using box-plots (Sigmaplot) or scatter-plots with the median and interquartile range (GraphPad). For normally distributed data, mean values were compared using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (more than two groups) or two-tailed t test (for two group comparisons). The data which were not normally distributed were compared by the Mann–Whitney U test (for two groups comparisons) or Kruskal–Wallis tests (more than two groups) followed by Dunn’s post-hoc test. The significance was set at 95 % of confidence. Linear correlations were analyzed using the Kendall tau-beta test. In all the cases, IBM SPSS (v23) Statistics software was used.

Categorized data were assessed with chi-square test. A P value < 0.05 was considered significant. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate were calculated. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS Statistics software (v23).

All tests were carried out in triplicate. ANOVA test with the significance level at p < 0.05 was used to evaluate the changes in kinetics parameters, post-acidification, numbers of EcN, survival of EcN under conditions simulating the GIT, and adhesion of EcN to Ca-co-2 cells. The data were shown as average ± standard deviation. The Duncan’s multiple range tests was used for determination of significant differences between values. SPSS Statistics software V.23 was used to evaluate all statistical tests in the current study. A principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and contour plot of preference and preference map were performed using the XLSTAT program.

For transmigration assay and trans-endothelial migration assay, statistical analyses and the determination of p-values were performed by using Student's t-test, with IBM SPSS Statistics software v. 23 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
For the analysis of clinicopathological characteristics, SPSS for Windows version 21.0 (SPSS Inc.) was used. Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact test were used for the analysis of various clinicopathologic factors. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank statistics were applied to evaluate time to survival.