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Skyra system

Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany

The Skyra system is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner developed by Siemens. It is designed to acquire high-quality images of the human body. The Skyra system utilizes a powerful superconducting magnet and advanced imaging technologies to capture detailed anatomical information.

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30 protocols using skyra system

1

Age-Dependent Neurodevelopmental Evaluation

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Participants were prospectively recruited from childhood and young adulthood (6–25 years of age) with the use of flyers/advertisement posted in clinics, on social media, and through the University of Pittsburgh Clinical Translational Research Registry. Exclusion criteria included (a) severe intellectual disability, (b) clinically diagnosed genetic syndrome associated with neurocognitive impairment as identified from the medical record, and (c) standard MRI exclusion criteria such as metallic implants. Informed consent was obtained according to the standard procedures in use at the University of Pittsburgh from all participants aged 18 and over. Consent from one parent and assent was obtained for all participants under the age of 18. All participants were scanned using a 3 Tesla Siemens Skyra system (Munich, Germany) at UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh using a 32-channel head coil.
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2

3T fMRI Acquisition Protocol

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Blood oxygen level-dependent T2*-weighted functional images were acquired on a 3T Skyra system (Siemens, Germany) using echo-planar imaging (EPI) with a 32-channel head coil. Images were acquired with a 45° oblique angle with the following parameters: 3300 ms TR; 30 ms TE; 1 mm inter-slice gap, 192 mm field of view, and 48 axial slices with 2 mm slice thickness resulting in 3 mm isotropic voxels. A single echo field map was recorded for distortion correction of the acquired EPI. After the functional scans, a T1-weighted 3-D structural image (1 mm3) was acquired to coregister and display the functional data.
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3

Multimodal Brain Imaging Protocol

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Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected using a 3T Siemens Skyra system (Erlangen, Germany) and a 20-channel head-neck coil at Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. High-resolution T1-weighted anatomical images (3D-MPRAGE with 256 × 256 × 256 matrix size, 1 mm3 isotropic cube, flip angle (FA) = 8, repeat time (TR) = 2200 ms, echo time (TE) = 2.45 ms, and inverse time = 900 ms) were acquired before the functional scans for localization reference. Customized cushions were used to minimize head motion during each scan. rs-fMRI scans were subsequently acquired using a single-shot, gradient-recalled echo-planar imaging sequence (TR/TE/FA = 2,500 ms/27 ms/90, field of view = 220 mm, matrix size = 64 × 64, 35 slices with 3 mm thickness, 200 measurements) aligned along the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line, thus allowing whole-brain coverage.
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4

HCP Minimal Preprocessing Pipeline for fMRI

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Images were acquired on a 3T Siemens Skyra system with a 32-channel head coil, which was customized and used for the Human Connectome Project (HCP). Structural scans (0.8 mm isotropic) as well as 3 functional runs using a multiband echo-planar sequence (TR=720ms, TE=33.1ms, flip angle =52°, 2.4 mm isotropic voxels, with a multi-band acceleration factor of 8). Each run was approximately 5 minutes in length.
Imaging data was run through HCP minimal preprocessing pipelines (Glasser et al., 2013 (link)). Subsequently, data was analyzed using the Analysis of Functional NeuroImages software package (AFNI: Cox, Chen, Glen, Reynolds, & Taylor, 2017 (link)). Binary masking was applied to each image to remove voxels outside the brain. The EPI datasets for each participant were smoothed using an 8-mm FWHM Gaussian kernel to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Six rigid body motion parameters were used as regressors to correct for motion.
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5

Multimodal MRI Acquisition for Neuroimaging

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During data acquisition, participants were in constant contact with research personnel through real-time audiovisual monitoring. Structural MRI data were collected on a 3T Siemens Skyra System with a 32-channel head coil, and consisted of one T1-weighted three-dimensional 1 mm isotropic T1 (TR = 2.4s, TE = 1.94 ms, flip angle = 8°, FOV = 256 mm, slices = 192), and one T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) scan (TR = 7.79s, TE = 66 ms, flip angle = 145°, FOV = 170 mm, in plane resolution = 0.4 × 0.4 mm, slice thickness = 2 mm, slices = 32) per current best practices (Mueller et al., 2018 (link); Olsen et al., 2019 (link); Wisse et al., 2021 (link); Yushkevich et al., 2015 (link)).
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6

In Vivo 1H MRS of Femoral Bone Marrow

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All in vivo 1H MRS spectra were acquired at 3 T (Skyra System, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) using an 18-channel flexible coil overlying the pelvis.
A 3D FLASH sequence was acquired in the proximal femoral region for voxel placement. A voxel of 10 × 10 × 10 mm3 was placed in the femoral neck and trochanter region, and shimming was performed before each acquisition. A stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence was used for acquisition with the following parameters: TR: 2500 msec, TE = 20 msec, TM = 10 msec, Bandwidth = 4000 Hz, number of samples = 2048, flip angle = 90°, NA = 28, no water suppression, single averages were saved separately. Multiple acquisitions with TE = 30, 50, 80, 100, 123 msec were acquired for apparent T2 estimation of bone marrow. TM and TE were chosen to minimize T2 and J-coupling effects, and TR was chosen to minimize T1-weighting while maintaining a reasonable acquisition time for the subject.
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7

3T MRI Acquisition of Cervical and Thoracic Spine

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MR imaging was performed on a 3T Skyra system (Siemens, Malvern, PA) equipped with a 20-channel head-neck coil and a 16-channel spine-array coil. T1-weighted images were acquired in the cervical spine using 3D-gradient-echo sequences with FOV = 256 mm, TR = 7·8 ms, TE = 3 ms, 1 mm isotropic resolution, 16° flip angle, and GRAPPA=2, for a scan time of about 3 min 30 seconds. The sequence was repeated for the thoracic spine, which contains the thoracolumbar cord, by changing the FOV and base resolution to 320 mm in order to cover the larger anatomy while maintaining the 1 mm isotropic resolution. Additional sequences were also used in the cervical and thoracolumbar regions including short tau inversion recovery (STIR), T2-weighted, T1-MPRAGE, and axial gradient echo.
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8

Multimodal Neuroimaging for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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Non-contrast head CT was performed on a Siemens Somatom Sensation 64-row scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) in 299 of the patients as a part of routine clinical assessment. In addition, brain MRI scans were acquired on a 3 Tesla Siemens Skyra System (32-channel head coil; Siemens Healthineers) within 72 h of injury for 198 patients with mTBI. The following sequences were included: three-dimensional T1, T2, susceptibility-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. All CT and MRI scans were read by experienced radiologists,34 (link) and patients with mTBI and intracranial traumatic findings on CT and/or MRI were considered to have complicated mTBI.
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9

Resting-state fMRI of Healthy Young Adults

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The dataset was acquired from the S1200 Release of the WU-Minn Human Connectome Project (HCP) database that has been fully described elsewhere61 (link). Participants were healthy young adults from 22 to 37 years old. Participants who completed two sessions of resting-state fMRI scans (Rest1 and Rest2) were selected (n = 1009). Data collection utilized multiband EPI via a customized Siemens 3T MR scanner (Skyra system). Each scanning session included two sequences, each with different phase encoding directions (left-to-right and right-to-left), lasting 14 minutes and 33 seconds, with a TR of 720 ms, a TE of 33.1 ms, and a voxel size of 2-mm isotropic. The sequences from each session were merged, totaling 29 minutes and 6 seconds of data per session. This approach of merging data from opposite phase encodings aimed to neutralize any biases introduced by the direction of phase encoding. The denoised volumetric data, processed through ICA-FIX, were obtained from the online HCP database. Further details on the resting-state fMRI data collection and preprocessing steps are documented in other publications62 (link),63 (link). Static functional connectivity (FC) matrices of the Rest1 period produced by Pearson correlation were used for the analysis.
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10

Lumbar MRI Evaluation of Nerve Impingement

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The third phase of the study included MRI imaging of the lumbar spine; a commonly used reference standard for the diagnosis of suspected lumbar pain with/without sciatica. A 3T Siemens SKYRA system (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) was used to collect T2 weighted axial and sagittal images to determine presence/absence of nerve impingement for all subjects. MRI images were reviewed by an American Board of Radiology certified neuroradiologist with 9 years of experience (EP) who was blinded to all subject’s demographics and characteristics. Nerve impingement grouping (impingement” or “no impingement”) was determined by the neuroradiologist based on a combination of the integrity of the lumbar anatomical regions, nerve root appearance, and conus level. Lumbar anatomical regions (annular fissure, disc desiccation, shortened pedicles, disc osteophyte, facet joint compression, and thecal sac diameter) were graded as normal, mild (nerve root is contacted on one side or surrounding fat effaced less than 90 degrees), moderate (nerve root contacted on two sides or fat effaced 90+ degrees), or severe (nerve root contacted on two sides, fat effaced 90+degrees, and nerve root visibly compressed). The clinician performing sensory and LE measurements was also blinded to MRI image results during phase 2 of testing.
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