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9 protocols using rg 3000

1

Quantitative Analysis of clec14a and Flotillin-2

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cDNA was prepared using the High-Capacity cDNA Archive kit (Applied Biosystems), from 1 μg of extracted total RNA. qPCR reactions were performed with Express qPCR supermix (Invitrogen) on a RG-3000 (Corbett, Manchester, UK) thermocycler. Primers for human clec14a and flotillin-2 were as previously described.9 (link) Primers for murine clec14a 5′ UTR, CDS and 3′ UTR and murine beta-actin, are as follows: 5′UTR fwd - TTCCTTTTCCAGGGTTTGTG; 5′ UTR rev - GCCTACAAGGTGGCTTGAAT; CDS fwd - AAGCTGTGCTCCTGCTCTTG; CDS rev - TCCTGAGTGCACTGTGAGATG; 3′ UTR fwd - CTGTAGAGGGCGGTGACTTT; 3′ UTR rev - AGCTGCTCCCAAGTCCTCT; mACTB fwd - CTAAGGCCAACCGTGAAAAG; mACTB rev - ACCAGAGGCATACAGGGACA. Relative expression ratios were calculated according to the efficiency adjusted mathematical model.27
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2

Evaluating hCA IX-c Stability via DSF

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Differential scanning fluorimetery (DSF) was used to assay hCA IX-c conformational stability in terms of melting temperature (TM) against a pH range of 3.0–9.5. Samples of purified hCA II and hCA IX-c at a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL were buffer exchanged into a citrate-phosphate buffer adjusted to the desired pH. A citrate-phosphate buffer system was used for varying the pH while keeping the ionic strength constant.29 The pH values selected for these experiments were 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.5. Prior to data collection, samples were incubated with 0.01% Sypro-Orange dye (no. S6651, Invitrogen Inc.) for ~30 min on ice. Melting curve assays were conducted in a quantitative PCR (qPCR) instrument (RG-3000, Corbett Research) with the temperature increasing from 30 to 99 °C, increasing at a rate of 0.1 °C/6 s. Solutions containing only buffer were also assayed in the same manner to use for background subtraction during data processing. The TM was defined as the maximal value of the first derivative (dRFU/dT; change in fluorescence/change in temperature) of the signal that is produced in terms of relative fluorescent units (RFU). Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Results are summarized in Figure 1A and Table S2.
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3

Quantitative RT-PCR from Plant Roots

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Total RNA from 5-day-old roots (50 mg) was extracted using TRNzol reagent (Tiangen) and the cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcriptase (Promega). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using the SYBR Premix Ex Taq kit (Takara) on a Corbett RG3000. EIF4A or UBQ10 were amplified as an internal positive control for real-time–qPCR and ChIP–qPCR, respectively. Experiments were repeated three times independently. Primers are listed in Supplementary Table 1.
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4

Quantitative Analysis of clec14a and Flotillin-2

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cDNA was prepared using the High-Capacity cDNA Archive kit (Applied Biosystems), from 1 μg of extracted total RNA. qPCR reactions were performed with Express qPCR supermix (Invitrogen) on a RG-3000 (Corbett, Manchester, UK) thermocycler. Primers for human clec14a and flotillin-2 were as previously described.9 (link) Primers for murine clec14a 5′ UTR, CDS and 3′ UTR and murine beta-actin, are as follows: 5′UTR fwd - TTCCTTTTCCAGGGTTTGTG; 5′ UTR rev - GCCTACAAGGTGGCTTGAAT; CDS fwd - AAGCTGTGCTCCTGCTCTTG; CDS rev - TCCTGAGTGCACTGTGAGATG; 3′ UTR fwd - CTGTAGAGGGCGGTGACTTT; 3′ UTR rev - AGCTGCTCCCAAGTCCTCT; mACTB fwd - CTAAGGCCAACCGTGAAAAG; mACTB rev - ACCAGAGGCATACAGGGACA. Relative expression ratios were calculated according to the efficiency adjusted mathematical model.27
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5

RNA Isolation and RT-qPCR of Rice Seedlings

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Rice seedlings were harvested and immediately ground in liquid nitrogen, and the total RNA was isolated using TRNzol reagent (http://www.tiangen.com). The first-strand cDNA was synthesized using a Promega Reverse Transcription kit (http://www.promega.com). RT-qPCRs were performed by using SYBR Premix Ex Taq™ (TaKaRa) with a Corbett RG3000. The OsACTIN2 gene was used as an internal control. The primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table S1.
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6

Isolation and Quantification of KAT1 Gene

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Total RNA from 10-day-old seedlings were extracted using TRNzol reagent (http://www.tiangen.com, last accessed 20 March 2014). Reverse transcription was performed using a Promega kit (http://www.promega.com, last accessed 20 March 2014). Amplification of the KAT1 gene was used as an internal control. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments were repeated three times independently. The cDNA was amplified using SYBR Premix Ex Taq™ (TaKaRa) with a Corbett RG3000.
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7

Thermal Stability Assay of RitR Protein

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1.5 μM (final concentration) of purified RitR wild-type or C128S mutant protein was incubated for 20 minutes at room temperature in the presence of 50 mM HEPES pH 7.2, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT or 10 mM H2O2 and 1X SYPRO orange (Sigma) fluorescent dye in a total volume of 20 μl. Samples were then heated to 65°C with each reading taken in 0.1°C increments at 570 nm absorbance. Measurements were made using a qRT-PCR machine (RG-3000, Corbett Research).
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8

Transcriptome Analysis of Tetraploid Plants

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Whole ovaries were dissected into liquid nitrogen, and RNA extracted using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). RNA was treated with RQ1 DNase (Promega), and the reaction was cleaned up using an RNeasy Mini column (Qiagen). cDNA synthesis was carried out using 1 μg of RNA in a SuperScript III first strand synthesis reaction (Invitrogen). qRT-PCR was carried out on an RG-3000 (Corbett Research) using LightCycler 480 SYBER Green I Master Mix (Roche) with the oligonucleotides listed in Additional file 1: Table S8. The average of two biological and two technical replicates is reported using the ΔΔCt method, with HpUBC21 as a reference gene. Genes were considered differentially expressed if they had >1.5-fold change and a paired ttest P value <0.05. The validation rate of differentially expressed gene models in our transcriptome analysis using qRT-PCR was ~45 %. While low, this likely represents the difficulty in the design of allele-specific primers to D18 predicted gene models within the tetraploid plants. Oligos used for validation of the transcriptome analysis were designed from transcriptome contigs showing the best match to predicted D18 gene models. All qRT-PCR amplicons were sequenced to verify correct amplification.
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9

Thermal Stability of Vault Particles

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Thermal stability of vault particles was studied using four pHs (pH = 7.5, 50 mM Tris; pH = 6.0, 50 mMHepes; pH = 5.0, NaOAc 50 mM; pH = 4.0, NaOAc). These buffers also contained 50 mM MgCl2 and 75 mM NaCl. Vault particles were diluted in each buffer to a final concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. To each sample, 2.5 μL of 1% Sypro-Orange dye (Invitrogen 140 Inc. S6651) was added to obtain the final reaction volume to 25 μL. The assays were conducted in a qPCR instrument (Corbett Research, RG-3000). A temperature ramp from 25 to 99 °C, increasing 1 degree per minute was used. Lysozyme was run as a positive control at concentrations of 0.3 and 0.5 mg/ml. Melting temperature of samples was determined using the first derivative (dF/dT) of the raw fluorescence data. All these experiments were conducted in three technical replicates.
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