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6 protocols using anti igf ir

1

Investigating IGF-I Signaling Pathways

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Recombinant human IGF-I was purchased from R&D System (Wiesbaden, Germany). The dual IGF-IR/IR inhibitor OSI-906 was purchased from SelleckBio (USA). Specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), and specific ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI). Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (PS-341) was purchased from Millenium Pharmaceuticals Inc (Cambridge, MA, USA). Anti-E-cadherin, anti-Vimentin, anti-ZEB1, anti-IGF-IR, anti-phospho-IGF-IR (Tyr1131), anti-phospho-GSK-3β, anti-GSK-3β and anti-phospho-P53 (Ser15) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA). Anti-Snail and anti-Twist2 were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA). All the other antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA).
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2

Antibody Immunoblotting for Protein Analysis

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The following primary antibodies were used: anti-Akt (monoclonal rabbit, C67E7, #4691), anti-phospho (p)-Akt (S473, monoclonal rabbit, D9E, #4060), anti-Bcl-xL (monoclonal rabbit, 54H6, #2764), anti-Bcl-2 (polyclonal rabbit, #2876), anti-Cyclin D1 (monoclonal rabbit, 92G2, #2978), anti-CREB (monoclonal rabbit, 48H2, #9197), anti-p-CREB (S133, monoclonal rabbit, 87G3, #9198), anti-GAPDH (monoclonal rabbit, D16H11, #5174), anti-IGF-IR (monoclonal rabbit, D23H3, #9750 and monoclonal rabbit, D4O6W, #14,534), anti-phospho (p)-IGF-IR (Y1135/1136, monoclonal rabbit, 19H7, #3024), anti-PCNA (monoclonal rabbit, D3H8P, #13,110) and anti-Rb (polyclonal rabbit, #9313) (all purchased from Cell Signaling Technology). The SS18-SSX fusion protein was visualized using an anti-SS18/SYT antibody (#8819 Santa Cruz Biotechnology) detecting the N-terminus of SS18 (which is retained in the SS18-SSX fusion oncoprotein). Secondary antibody labeling (Bio-Rad) and immunoblot development were performed using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit (SignalFire ECL Reagent; Cell Signaling Technology) and a Molecular Imager ChemiDoc system (Image Lab Software; Bio-Rad), as described previously [14 (link), 40 (link)].
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3

Immunoblotting analysis of insulin signaling

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Cell lysates were run on an 8% SDS-PAGE and transferred to Hybond-C nitrocellulose membrane (GE Healthcare, Bucks, UK). Proteins were probed with anti-IR (1:500 Santa Cruz, Heidelberg, Germany) anti-GAPDH or anti-β actin (Millipore, Hertfordshire, UK, both 1:10,000), anti-IR-β (1:750 Santa Cruz, Heidelberg, Germany), anti-p-Akt, anti-Akt, anti-p-MAPK and anti-IGF-IR (all 1:1000), and anti-MAPK (1:500) and anti-p-IGF-IR (1:750) (all from Cell Signalling, Leiden, The Netherlands) with secondary antibodies as follows: anti-rabbit (1:2500; IR, IR-β, p-Akt, Akt, p-MAPK, MAPK, p-IGF-IR, and IGF-IR all at 1 :2000) and anti-mouse (1:10,000 for both GAPDH and β-actin). All antibodies were diluted following the manufacturer’s instructions. Proteins were visualized using supersignal west dura ECL solution (Thermo Fischer, Ulm, Germany) and the UVP ChemiDoc-IT Imaging System (UVP, Bio-Rad, Hertfordshire, UK) and analyzed using Vision Works ls Analysis Software (UVP Inc., Upland, CA, USA).
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4

Immunofluorescence Labeling of Cellular Proteins

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Cells were fixed in 4 % sucrose/paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with 0.3 % Triton X-100 in PBS. Neurons were then incubated with 5 % bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Sigma) in PBS + 0.1 % Tween 20, for 1 h at 37 °C, to block nonspecific binding, and incubated with primary antibodies, overnight at 4 °C. Cells were then washed five times with PBS + 0.1 % Tween + 0.5 % BSA and incubated with the appropriate secondary antibodies for 1 h at 37 °C. The coverslips were mounted in a fluorescent mounting medium (DAKO, Denmark) and imaging was performed on a laser scanning Confocal Microscope Leica SP2 AOBS SE, using the 40×/63× oil objective. Primary antibodies used were anti-GFP (1:250, Santa Cruz) and anti-IGF-IR (1:500, Cell Signaling); as secondary antibodies, Alexa Fluor 488 and 594 (1:750, Invitrogen) were employed. The fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 (0.5 μg/ml, 10″ room temperature) was used to stain nuclei.
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5

Dose-Response and Time-Course Analysis of IGF-I Signaling

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For dose-response analysis, subconfluent cells were incubated in serum-deprived medium for 24 h, stimulated with increasing ligand concentrations for 24 h at 37°C and solubilized in radioimmune precipitation (RIPA) buffer; for time-course experiments, subconfluent cells were treated with IGF-I for the indicated time points.
To evaluate IGF-I - dependent activation of DDR1, cells were serum-starved for 24 h, and then stimulated with IGF-I (50 nM) for 24 h.
Cell lysates were subjected to western blot analysis, as previously described [49 (link)]. The following antibodies were used: anti-DDR1 (C-20, sc-532, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-phospho(p)-IR/p-IGF-IR (Y1150/Y1151, 3024, Cell Signaling), anti-IGF-IR (9750, Cell Signaling), anti-p-AKT (Ser473, 9271, Cell Signaling), anti-AKT(9272, Cell Signaling), anti-p-ERK1/2 (T202/Y204, 4370, Cell Signaling), anti-ERK1/2 (9102, Cell Signaling), anti-p-p70 (Thr421/Ser424, 9204, Cell Signaling); anti-p70 (C-18, 230 Santa Cruz Biotechnology); anti-α-tubulin (15246, Abcam); anti-actin (Sigma).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of IGF-IR and DCN

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For Western blot analysis, aliquots (40 μg) of whole-cell lysates were separated on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and electrotransferred onto polyvinylidene membranes. The membranes were incubated with anti-IGF-IR (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-phosphorylated IGF-IR (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-DCN (GTX101250, Genetex, Taiwan), and anti-β-actin (BD Biosciences, CA, USA) antibodies, and the signals were obtained by enhanced chemilluminescence (PIERCE, IL, USA).
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