3flex porosimeter

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained using a JEOL 1230 Transmission Electron Microscope operated at 80 kV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were performed on a FEI XL40 Sirion FEG Digital Scanning Microscope. The surface area and pore volume of Ligand DNPs were determined using a Micromeritics 3Flex Porosimeter. The functional groups of the Ligand DNPs were detected using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer on a Nicolet iS 10 FT-IR Spectrometer.

The specific surface areas
of the prepared materials were obtained via N₂ physisorption
experiments, degassing the samples at 150 °C for 20 h and then
measuring the isotherms on a Micromeritics 3Flex porosimeter at 77
K. Data were analyzed using a QuadraWin 5.05 software package applying
the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model to the adsorption
isotherms for 0.05 < p/p₀ < 0.3. The porosity and pore distribution were calculated
by using the model of quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT)
for N₂ adsorbed on carbon (assuming cylindrical pore shape)
at 77 K. A Philips model PW3040/60 X-ray diffractometer was used for
powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), applying Cu Kα radiation (λ
= 0.15418 nm). Elemental analysis (CHNS) was performed on a Vario
Micro device by combustion.