β zearalenol

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

β-zearalenol is a laboratory analytical standard used for the identification and quantification of this compound in various matrices, such as food, feed, and environmental samples. It serves as a reference material for analytical methods development and validation.

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Lab products found in correlation

7 protocols using β zearalenol

Bovine Granulosa Cell Viability Assay

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Cell treatment: GCs were washed twice with serum-free medium and β-zearalenol, or HT-2 treatment containing 500 ng/mL testosterone (as an oestradiol precursor) for 24 h. β-zearalenol (Sigma-Aldrich, #Z2000, St. Louis, MO, USA) and HT-2 (Sigma-Aldrich, #34136, St. Louis, MO, USA) were dissolved with DMSO and diluted with DMEM/Ham’s F-12, respectively. The treatment concentration ranges of β-zearalenol and HT-2 toxin were 0–200 μM and 0–200 nM, respectively. Doses of β-zearalenol and HT-2 were selected based on previous studies [10 (link),13 (link),21 (link)].
Cell viability analysis: the proliferation of bovine GCs was detected using CCK8 (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China). GCs were treated with either β-zearalenol or HT-2 toxin for 24 h. Then, 10 μL of the CCK8 reagent was added into each well and the GCs were incubated at 25 °C for 4 h. The absorbance values were measured at 450 nm.
According to the cell viability results, the dose of β-zearalenol and HT-2 in the following experiment was 25 μM and 50 nM, respectively. After 24 h of β-zearalenol or HT-2 treatment, the GCs were harvested for protein extraction and the culture medium was collected for subsequent determination of the concentration of hormone.

Li L., Yang M., Li C., Yang F, & Wang G. (2020). Understanding the Toxin Effects of β-Zearalenol and HT-2 on Bovine Granulosa Cells Using iTRAQ-Based Proteomics. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 10(1), 130.

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Quantification of Zearalenone and Metabolites

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Reference standards of Zen (≥ 99%), Zer (≥ 98%, HPLC grade), zearalanone (Zan; ≥ 98%), β-zearalanol (bZal; ≥ 96%, HPLC grade), α-zearalenol (aZol; ≥ 98%), and β-zearalenol (bZol; ≥ 97%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The internal standards Rac-Zearalenone-d₆ (Zen-d₆; ≥ 96.9%) and α-zearalenol-d₇ (aZol-d₇; ≥ 98%) were obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals. Sodium acetate buffer solution (pH = 4.65, 0.2 M) was purchased from Honeywell Fluka. The enzyme β-glucuronidase from Helix pomatia (type HP-2, > 100,000 units/mL, sulfatase activity < 7500 units/mL) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. HPLC-grade methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and methanol (MeOH) were purchased from VWR. HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN) was purchased from Honeywell. Water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore).

Molete J.M., Petrykowska H., Bouhassira E.E., Feng Y.Q., Miller W, & Hardison R.C. (2001). Sequences Flanking Hypersensitive Sites of the β-Globin Locus Control Region Are Required for Synergistic Enhancement. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 21(9), 2969-2980.

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Analysis of Mycotoxins and Chemicals

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Zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, and other chemicals, i.e., α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, formic acid, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, ethidium bromide, phosphate-buffered saline, and acridine orange were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Rogowska A., Pomastowski P., Walczak J., Railean-Plugaru V., Rudnicka J, & Buszewski B. (2019). Investigation of Zearalenone Adsorption and Biotransformation by Microorganisms Cultured under Cellular Stress Conditions. Toxins, 11(8), 463.

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Evaluating Estrogenic Compounds Using BLYES Assay

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Zearalenone (ZEN), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zearalanol (α-ZAL), β-zearalanol (β-ZAL), genistein (GEN), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), and 17β-estradiol (E2) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Alternariol (AOH) was obtained from Cfm Oskar Tropitzsch (Marktredwitz, Germany). Bioluminescent ATP Assay Kit CLSII (Roche; Basel, Switzerland) and fetal bovine serum (FBS; Pan-Biotech; Aidenbach, Germany) were used as received. Methanol (synthesis grade) was purchased from Reanal Laboratory Chemicals Ltd. (Budapest, Hungary). ZEN applied in the BLYES assay was obtained from Fermentek (Jerusalem, Israel).

Balázs A., Faisal Z., Csepregi R., Kőszegi T., Kriszt B., Szabó I, & Poór M. (2021). In Vitro Evaluation of the Individual and Combined Cytotoxic and Estrogenic Effects of Zearalenone, Its Reduced Metabolites, Alternariol, and Genistein. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(12), 6281.

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Determination of Zearalenone and Metabolites

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Zearalenone (ZEN), α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), and β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and stored at −20 °C. Stock solutions of ZEN (1 mg/L), α-ZOL (1 mg/L), and β-ZOL (1 mg/L) were prepared by dissolving them in 100% methanol. The standard solutions for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) calibration were prepared by diluting the stock solution with a methanol/water (50/50, v/v) mixture. Other chemicals such as urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), m-periodate, ploymyxin B, protease E, and lipase were purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). The Lactobacillus biochemical identification Kit and De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium were provided by Huankai Microbial Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). All the other chemicals used in this experiment were of chromatographic or analytical grade.

Gan M., Hu J., Wan K., Liu X., Chen P., Zeng R., Wang F, & Zhao Y. (2022). Isolation and Characterization of Lactobacillus paracasei 85 and Lactobacillus buchneri 93 to Absorb and Biotransform Zearalenone. Toxics, 10(11), 680.

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Zearalenone Metabolism Pathway Assay

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Zearalenone (ZEN), α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), 7-ethoxyresorufin, magnesium chloride, sodium chloride, dicumarol, α-naphthoflavone, pyrene, S-adenosyl-Lmethionine (SAM), and dithiothreitol (DTT) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was obtained from SUPELCO (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Alamar Blue (AB) was purchased from Biosource International, Biosource Netherlands, B.V. E2, 2-OHE2, and 4-OHE2 have been purchased from Steraloids, Inc. (Newport, Rhode Island 02,840, USA). Methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, hexane, and dichloromethane (DCM) were of HPLC grade and obtained from J.T. Baker (Deventer, the Netherlands). Analytical grade acetic acid was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges C 18 (500 mg; 3 mL) were purchased from J.T. Baker (Bergen op Zoom, the Netherlands). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's tissue culture medium (DMEM) was supplied by Combrex (Bio Science Verviers, Belgium).

Malekinejad F., Fink-Gremmels J, & Malekinejad H. (2023). Zearalenone and its metabolite exposure directs oestrogen metabolism towards potentially carcinogenic metabolites in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Mycotoxin research, 39(1).

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Analytical Standards for Endocrine Disruptors

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A solution of plasticizers containing seven plasticizers (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA)) at 1000 mg/L was purchased from Supelco Analytical (Philadelphia, PA, USA). BPA standard was procured from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Labeled standards of 13 C-caffeine, 13 C-DEHP and 13 C-BPA were obtained from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA, USA). Reference standards of 17 α-estradiol and estriol were purchased from Fisher (St. Louis, MO), while 4-androstenedione, 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone, 17 α-trenbolone, α-zearalanol, α-zearalenol, 17 β-estradiol, 17 β-trenbolone, β-zearalanol, β-zearalenol, androstenedienedione, androsterone, epi testosterone, estrone, ethynylestradiol, melengesterolacetate, progesterone, testolactone and testosterone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Working standard solutions for calibration and recovery spikes were prepared from the stock standard solutions and stored at -20 °C.

Chakraborty P., Shappell N.W., Mukhopadhyay M., Onanong S., Rex K.R, & Snow D. (2021). Surveillance of plasticizers, bisphenol A, steroids and caffeine in surface water of River Ganga and Sundarban wetland along the Bay of Bengal: occurrence, sources, estrogenicity screening and ecotoxicological risk assessment. Water research, 190.

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