Statview

Data from three replicates were compared using either Student’s t-test or one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (Statview; Abacus Concepts, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA). All values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Differences between treatments were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Non‐parametric analyses (Mann‐Whitney U test and log‐rank test) were performed using StatView (Abacus Concepts, Berkley, CA, USA). p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Data were expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD). Given that the duration of diabetes and urinary albumin showed markedly skewed distributions, these were expressed as a median (interquartile rage), and logarithmic transformation (log) was carried out before performing correlation analysis. Statistical evaluations for differences between two groups were carried out using Student’s t test for parametric variables, or Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric variables. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the risk of mortality, in a model adjusted for confounding factors. Statistical analyses were performed using a statistical computer program StatView (Abacus Concepts, Berkeley, CA, USA). A p value < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Statistical analysis of data for developmental rates, body weight, and feed consumption was performed using one‐way analysis of variance and Student's t test using Statview software (Abacus Concepts, Inc, Berkeley, CA). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The data was analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA), followed by Tukey-Kramer
tests. For all data, p<0.05 was considered significant. All
analyses were conducted using StatView (Abacus Concepts Inc., Berkeley, CA,
USA).

Data is all presented as mean ± SEM in the text and figures (Igor Pro, WaveMetrics, Inc., Lake Oswego, OR). Student t-tests, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S) tests were used to examine the difference between means and distributions using Statview (Abacus Concepts, Berkeley, CA, USA). Fisher’s protected least significant difference (Fisher’s PLSD) tests were used for pairwise comparison of groups following an ANOVA test. Chi-squared tests were performed using equations coded in Excel (Microsoft Crop., Redmond, WA, USA). The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. In all figures, * indicates P<0.05; ** indicates P<0.01; and *** indicates P<0.001.