K2so4

Manufactured by Avantor

Sourced in Poland

K2SO4 is a chemical compound that is a white, crystalline solid at room temperature. It is the chemical formula for potassium sulfate. K2SO4 is a common laboratory reagent used in various chemical applications.

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10 protocols using k2so4

Characterization of Boron Nitride Nanosheets

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Trimethyl borate (B(OMe)₃) was
purchased from ACROS Organics. NH₃ (Linde), N₂ (Merck), and Ar (Merck) gases were used. The salt concentration
during the measurements was adjusted by analytical-grade salts such
as NaCl, KCl, CsCl, MgCl₂·6H₂O, K₂SO₄, K₃[Fe(CN)₆] (VWR), and LaCl₃ (Alfa Aesar), and they were used without further purification.
The pH of the suspensions was adjusted by HCl (VWR) and NaOH (VWR).
All measurements were carried out at 25 °C and a pH value of
7.0 ± 0.5, unless otherwise noted. High-purity water obtained
from the VWR Purity TU + machine was used for all sample preparations.
Water and all of the prepared salt solutions were filtered with a
0.1 μm syringe filter (Millex) prior to use to avoid dust contamination.
The concentration of the BNNS particles was always kept at 5 mg/L
in the light scattering measurements.

Hegedűs T., Takács D., Vásárhelyi L., Szilágyi I, & Kónya Z. (2021). Specific Ion Effects on Aggregation and Charging Properties of Boron Nitride Nanospheres. Langmuir, 37(7), 2466-2475.

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Culturing Arthrospira platensis PCC7345

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A. platensis PCC7345 was obtained from the Pasteur Culture Collection (PCC, Paris, France). Stock cultures were grown in a sterile filtrated modified Zarrouk medium containing (g/L): 16.8 NaHCO₃ (99.5%, VWR Chemicals, Darmstadt, Germany), 0.5 K₂HPO₄ (99%, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 2.5 NaNO₃ (99.9%, VWR chemicals, Darmstadt, Germany), 1.0 K₂SO₄ (99.5%, VWR chemicals, Darmstadt, Germany), 1.0 NaCl (99%, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 0.2 MgSO₄∙7H₂O (99%, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), 0.04 CaCl₂∙2H₂O (99%, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) [11 (link)], and 100 µL/L of Hutner’s trace element solution [49 ]. A. platensis stock cultures were maintained in 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks at 26 °C, 150 rpm, and 75 µmol/m²s fluorescent light (light/dark cycles of 16/8 h, WB750, Mytron Bio- und Solartechnik GmbH, Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Germany). Liquid stock cultures were sub-cultivated every two weeks to prevent aging and cell death.

Nosratimovafagh A., Fereidouni A.E, & Krujatz F. (2022). Modeling and Optimizing the Effect of Light Color, Sodium Chloride and Glucose Concentration on Biomass Production and the Quality of Arthrospira platensis Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Life, 12(3), 371.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis of KWO Sensors

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Example 13

KWO is grown using the hydrothermal method. [19, 20] A precursor solution containing Na₂WO₄.2H₂O (95%, Alfa Aesar), oxalic acid dihydrate (>99%, VWR), K₂SO₄(>99%, VWR), and HCl (36-38%, Aqua Solutions Inc.) was made. This solution was then put into a 30 mL autoclave for synthesis. KWO samples were grown at 160, 180, 210, and 225° C. for 24 hours. Samples used for acetone sensing tests were applied to a sensor slide by blade coating and then annealed at 350° C.

US11672440B2. Low cost diabetes breath analyzer based on nanostructured K₂W₇O₂₂material (2023-06-13). NDSU Research Foundation [US]. Inventors: Danling Wang [US], Qifeng Zhang [US].

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Inorganic Anion Solution Preparation and TA/2-HTA Dosing

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KOH, KI, I₂, KHCO₃, KCl, KNO₃, KH₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄, and K₂SO₄ were purchased from VWR International (USA). Stock solutions of inorganic anions (0.1 M) were prepared in deionized (DI) water for carbonate. The starch solution was prepared by adding 0.5 g of starch (VWR International) in 100 mL of boiling DI water and mixing until complete dissolution. After 12 h settling, the supernatant was collected. TA (0.5 mM) and 2-HTA (0.125 mM) solutions were prepared by dosing 16.72 mg of TA (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and 4.69 mg of 2-HTA (Sigma-Aldrich) in 200 mL of DI water, adjusting pH to 7.9 with KOH, and mixing on a magnetic stir plate overnight.

Budarz J.F., Turolla A., Piasecki A.F., Bottero J.Y., Antonelli M, & Wiesner M.R. (2017). Influence of Aqueous Inorganic Anions on the Reactivity of Nanoparticles in TiO2 Photocatalysis. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 33(11), 2770-2779.

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Fatty Acid and Tocopherol Analysis Protocol

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Supelco 37 component FAME mix and the standards of the volatile compounds propanediol, α-phellandrene, camphene, myrcene, p-cymene, and limonene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Prague, Czech Republic). Tocotrienol and the mixed solution of tocopherol standards were from ChromaDex (Los Angeles, CA, USA). Kjeldahl tablets containing 3.5 g K₂SO₄ and 3.5 mg Se, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), n-hexane of PESTINORM^® grade, and methanol HiPerSolv CHROMANORM grade (MeOH) were purchased from VWR International (Stříbrná Skalice, Czech Republic). Tashiro’s indicator was from P-LAB (Prague, Czech Republic). Nitric acid (HNO₃), sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), benzene, isopropanol, and petroleum ether of analytical grade were from Lach-Ner (Neratovice, Czech Republic). Sea sand was purchased from PENTA (Prague, Czech Republic). Ultrapure HPLC water was acquired from Simplicity UV system (Merck Millipore, KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).

Frankova A., Manourova A., Kotikova Z., Vejvodova K., Drabek O., Riljakova B., Famera O., Ngula M., Ndiyoi M., Polesny Z., Verner V, & Tauchen J. (2021). The Chemical Composition of Oils and Cakes of Ochna serrulata (Ochnaceae) and Other Underutilized Traditional Oil Trees from Western Zambia. Molecules, 26(17), 5210.

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Enzyme-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization

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5-Hydroxymetyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (HMFA, >97%), was acquired from Carbosynth Compton, Berkshire, UK). ε-Caprolactone (ECL, ≥98%), tetrahydrofuran (THF, >99%), toluene (>99%), chloroform (CHCl₃, >99%), dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂, ≥99,8%), acetonitrile (>99%), sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄, >99%) were from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim am Albuch, Germany). Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂, 98%) and potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃, 99%) were purchased from Chimopar S.A. (Bucharest, Romania), while sodium chloride (NaCl, >99%) and potassium sulfate (K₂SO₄, 99%) were products of VWR Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium) and Alfa Aesar GmbH & Co KG (Karlsruhe, Germany), respectively. All chemicals were used as purchased, without further purification.
Three commercially available immobilized enzymes were utilized as biocatalysts for the polymerization reactions: Novozyme 435 (lipase from Candida antarctica B immobilized on acrylic resin) and Lipozyme CalB, (from C. antarctica) were products of Novozymes (Bagsværd, Denmark), while GF-CalB-IM (lipase B from C. antarctica immobilized on microporous ion exchange resin) was purchased from GenoFocus (Daejeon, South Korea). Lipase from porcine pancreas (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) was used for the enzymatic degradation studies.

Todea A., Bîtcan I., Aparaschivei D., Păușescu I., Badea V., Péter F., Gherman V.D., Rusu G., Nagy L, & Kéki S. (2019). Biodegradable Oligoesters of ε-Caprolactone and 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furancarboxylic Acid Synthesized by Immobilized Lipases. Polymers, 11(9), 1402.

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Analytical Procedure for Metabolites

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UA, hypo xanthine, xanthine, creatinine, allantoin, urea, NaCl, KH 2 PO 4 , K 2 HPO 4 X3H 2 O, MgSO 4 X7H 2 O, KOH and LiOH were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). K 2 SO 4 , acetic acid, ammonium acetate, ACN and LC glass vials were purchased from VWR International, Oslo, Norway. All solvents and chemicals were of HPLC grade or higher.

Svistounov D., Solbu M.D., Jenssen T.G., Mathisen U.D., Hansen T., Elgstøen K.B.P, & Zykova S.N. (2022). Development of quantitative assay for simultaneous measurement of purine metabolites and creatinine in biobanked urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation, 82(1).

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Analytical Procedure for Chitin Analysis

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Petroleum ether (bp. 40 -60 °C, technical), H2SO4 (95 %, technical), K2SO4, CuSO4.5H2O, NaOH, and H3BO3 were all supplied by VWR Chemicals. Tin pressed capsules (8 mm 𝗑 5 mm, standard clean) and all reagents required for the Dumas method were purchased from OEA Laboratories Ltd. Helium was supplied by Nippon Gases. The analytical standard of acetanilide was provided by Thermo Fisher. Chitin (practical grade), HCl (37.0 %), 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl), D-glucosamine hydrochloride (analytical standard), and amino acid standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Syringe filters (Chromafil PET 0.20 µm) and Soxhlet thimbles were supplied by Macherey-Nagel. ULC-MS grade acetonitrile and formic acid were bought from Biosolve. The derivatisation reagent for amino acid analyses (6aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate, AQC) was supplied by Waters Co.
Ultrapure water was obtained through the Arium Pro® UV from Sartorius. All reagents were of analytical grade unless specified otherwise.

Smets R., Claes J, & Van Der Borght M. (2021). On the nitrogen content and a robust nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 413(25).

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Fabrication of Nanocomposite Electrodes

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Monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), poly(sodium4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes—MWCNTs (≥98% carbon basis, O.D. × I.D. × L 10 nm ± 1 nm × 4.5 nm ± 0.5 nm × 3-~6 µm) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) and used as received. The graphene oxide suspension (6.8 mg/mL) was prepared via modified Hummers method (supplied by Institute of Electronic Materials Technology (ITME), Warsaw, Poland). Inorganics: H₂SO₄ (98 wt.%), HNO₃ (65 wt.%), K₂SO₄, (Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice, Poland) were of analytical grade and used without any further purification. Electrolytes were prepared using deionised water.

Cymann A., Sawczak M., Ryl J., Klugmann-Radziemska E, & Wilamowska-Zawłocka M. (2020). Capacitance Enhancement by Incorporation of Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes into Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)/Graphene Oxide Composites. Materials, 13(10), 2419.

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Zeolite Reaction Solution Preparation

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The solutions used to react with the zeolite were prepared using analytically pure Ca(OH)_2, NaOH, KOH and K₂SO₄ (Avantor, Gliwice, Poland). The simulated pore solutions were prepared with deionized water.

, & Czapik P. (2023). The Impact of Ions Contained in Concrete Pore Solutions on Natural Zeolites. Materials, 16(4), 1416.

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