Gif xp260

After 24 h of fasting with free access to water, the rabbits were anesthetized (as noted above) and then were placed in the left lateral decubitus position. The implantation site was approximately 5 cm away from the cardia, where was the equivalent of 15 cm away from the incisors of the rabbit. A slim endoscope (Olympus GIFXP260, Japan) was inserted into the thoracic esophagus. Using a fine needle (the inner core of an endoscopic needle, Olympus, MAJ-68, 23-gauge, Fig. 1A), 0.5 ml of saline was injected into the esophageal submucosal layer to elevate the mucosa layer. After that, a puncture was made across the mucosa into the submucosal layer using a large needle (a revised endoscopic needle, Olympus, MAJ-68, with an oblique cut in the front, Fig. 1B) and the success of the puncture was confirmed by further elevation of the mucosa when saline was injected. Approximately 0.3 ml of saline containing four VX2 pieces was then injected into the submucosal layer of the rabbits (Video S1).

A total of 33 endoscopists performed EGD at Tada Tomohiro Institute of Gastroenterology and Proctology, Saitama, Japan, from January 2014 to March 2017. Indications for EGD were referral from a primary care physician concerning current epigastric symptoms, positive results from gastric disease screening by barium contrast examination or abnormal serum pepsinogen levels, a previous history of gastro-duodenal disease, or simple screening.
GIE images were taken using standard endoscopy (GIF-XP290N, GIF-XP260, GIF-XP260NS, GIF-N260; Olympus Medical Systems, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and a standard endoscopic system (EVIS LUCERA ELITE; Olympus Medical Systems, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). All endoscopists were instructed to take whole pictures of the larynx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, even if there were no abnormalities. The typical number of images taken for a patient without gastrointestinal disease was 34 (larynx 1, esophagus 6, stomach 25, duodenum 2).

EGD was performed by pediatric gastroenterologists using a GIF-Q260 or GIF-XP260 scope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Subsequently, the EGD images and reports were reviewed retrospectively by a pediatric gastroenterologist. The distance between the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and the diaphragmatic indentation was measured at the end of the EGD after deflating the stomach. The gastroesophageal flap valve grades 1–4 based on Hill classification were evaluated on the retroflexed views of EGD. HH was defined when the proximal displacement of the GEJ was definitely ≥ 2 cm and/or gastroesophageal flap valve grade 4 by Hill classification observed on a retroflexed view of EGD.^{[24 (link),25 (link)]} Among children who did not fulfill the criteria for HH, ≥ 0.5 cm proximal displacement of the GEJ identified on EGD was defined as a short segment hiatal hernia (SSHH).
UGIS was performed in all study subjects, and the results of the UGIS were evaluated by pediatric radiologists. A predetermined quantity of barium was administered using a cup or straw, and if not possible, a feeding bottle or an enteric tube was used for testing. The esophagus and GEJ were observed during swallowing, and HH was diagnosed if the B ring or the upper part of the gastric folds reached ≥ 2 cm above the diaphragmatic indentation during quiet respiration.^{[24 (link)]}

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with mucosal biopsies was performed in all 255 study participants using a GIF-XP260 or GIF-Q260 scope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Diagnosis of peptic ulcers was made based on endoscopic findings, which included the location, size, and number of ulcers and ulcer recurrence.
Colonoscopy with mucosal biopsies was performed additionally in 23 patients, to rule out gastric or duodenal ulcers due to systemic diseases.

The rabbits were first anesthetized after 24 h of fasting with free access to water and then placed in the left lateral decubitus position. An endoscope (Olympus GIFXP260, Japan) was inserted into the thoracic esophagus. Using a fine endoscopic needle (the inner core of an endoscopic needle, Olympus, MAJ-68, 23-gauge), 0.5 ml saline was injected into the submucosal layer to elevate the mucosa layer. Next, a puncture was made using a modified endoscopic needle (Olympus, MAJ-68, with an oblique cut in the front, approximately 20-gauge) across the mucosa into the submucosal layer and the success of the puncture was confirmed by further elevation of the mucosa when saline was injected. About 0.3 ml saline containing 4 tumor pieces was then injected into the submucosal layer of rabbits esophagus (an additional movie file shows this in more detail, see Additional file 1). A second 0.3 ml saline was injected to rinse the needles and to collect the remaining pieces. After implantation, the rabbits were given an auricular vein infusion and fasted for 24 h.

We reviewed the endoscopic findings of H. pylori‐infected children and young adults in this retrospective study. Subjects were selected from patients who visited the department of gastroenterology or pediatrics at Juntendo University Hospital. Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGI endoscopy) from 1 April 2009 to 15 February 2017, who were under 40 years old, and who were infected with H. pylori were included in this study. Patients were considered to be infected with H. pylori when at least one of the urea breath test with cutoff value of 2.5 per 1000 (Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, Tokyo, Japan), serum H. pylori antibody test with cutoff value of 10 U/mL (E‐plate; Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan), and stool H. pylori antigen test (SRL, Tokyo, Japan) was positive. Patients in whom no endoscopic photographs had been taken were excluded. UGI endoscopy was performed using a video endoscopy system (Olympus GIF‐XQ260, GIF‐XP260, Q260, H260Z, or H290, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).