Male BALB/c mice and female BALB/c-nu/nu mice were purchased from Orient Bio, Inc. (Sungnam, Korea) and maintained under temperature-, humidity-, and light-controlled conditions. All animal experimental protocols were approved by the institutional review board and performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.22 Mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 cells were obtained from the ATCC (Rockville, MD) and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The fusion protein R-III (Supplemental Figure S1 ) was synthesized using a previously described method.19 (link)
Male balb c mice
Manufactured by Orient Bio
Male BALB/c mice are a commonly used laboratory mouse strain. They are a well-established model organism for various research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Female balb c nu nu mice, by Orient Bio (1 mentions)
Hepa 1c1c7 cells, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Sp600125, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sb203580, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Agn193109, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Annexin 5 fitc, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt propidium iodide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L glutamine, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tri reagent, by Molecular Research Center (1 mentions)
Mulv reverse transcriptase, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Staurosporine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
C6 glioma, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Enhanced chemiluminescence system, by AbFrontier (1 mentions)
Rompun, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Male sprague dawley rats, by Orient Bio (1 mentions)
Raw 264.7 atcc tib 71, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Silymarin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
α mem, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Evans blue dye, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
27 protocols using male balb c mice
1
Murine Hepatoma Cell Culture and Fusion Protein Synthesis
2
Transgenic Mouse Model for Cytokine Deficiency
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Male BALB/c mice (8 weeks old) weighing 18–22 g at the start of the experiment were purchased from Orient Bio (Seongnam, South Korea). IL-1Ra KO and IL-17 KO mice were obtained from Prof. Yoichiro Iwakura (University of Tokyo, Japan). IL-1Ra KO mice were backcrossed with IL-17 KO mice over 10 generations, and IL-1Ra and IL-17 double-deficient mice were selected for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. The animals were maximally housed at five per cage in a room with controlled temperature (20–26°C) and lighting (12 h light–dark cycle) with access to gamma ray sterilized diet (TD 2018S, Harlan Laboratories, Inct/America) and autoclaved R/O water. All animal research procedures were provided in accordance with the Laboratory Animals Welfare Act, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the Guidelines and Policies for Rodent experiments provided by the Department of Laboratory Animals, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), the Catholic University of Korea (CUMC-2017-0193-04), conforming to all National Institutes of Health (United States) guidelines. IACUC and the Department of Laboratory Animal (DOLA) at Catholic University of Korea, Songeui Campus, accredited the Korea Excellence Animal laboratory Facility from Korea Food and Drug Administration in 2017 and acquired AAALAC International full accreditation in 2018.
3
Transdermal Delivery of Drug Surrogates
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Male BALB/c mice (6 weeks old) were purchased from Orient Bio (Gyeonggi-do, South Korea) and given one week to adapt to the environment. The dorsal skin of mice was shaved using an electric razor and the drug surrogate encapsulated DMNs were applied for up to 120 min (n = 4/group). To measure the permeation efficiency, the experimented mice skin was cut, embedded in Franz cell diffusion chamber, and stirred at 32 ± 1 °C for 2 h. The intensity of the samples was measured using the multimode plate reader.
To measure the penetration success rate, we counted the number of detectable pierced spots at 120 min post application using the microscope. The quality and depth of insertion were disregarded. All procedures were approved and performed in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the experimentation ethics by Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Centre (YLARC).
To measure the penetration success rate, we counted the number of detectable pierced spots at 120 min post application using the microscope. The quality and depth of insertion were disregarded. All procedures were approved and performed in accordance with the guidelines and regulations of the experimentation ethics by Yonsei Laboratory Animal Research Centre (YLARC).
4
Balb/c Mice Housing and Acclimation
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Male Balb/c mice were obtained from Orient Bio (Seoul, Republic of Korea) and raised from 6 to 8 weeks of age. Throughout the breeding period, the diet consisted of ad libitum access to standard solid food and water, maintaining environmental conditions at a temperature of 21 ± 2 °C and a humidity of 50 ± 20%, with a light–dark cycle of 12 h/day (from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.) and illumination ranging from 150 to 300 Lux. After acclimating the mice to the experimental environment for one week, they were categorized into five experimental groups using a random assignment method, adjusting the average body weight to approximately 21.3 g. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Institutional Review Board for Animal Experiments (NDIC, P224113).
5
DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Model
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Male BALB/c mice (7-week-old) were purchased from Orient Bio Inc. (Seongnam, Korea). The mice were divided into four groups: Group I, naive; Group II, DNCB + vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)); Group III, DNCB + 0.5% SSA; Group Ⅳ, DNCB + 0.3% SSC. The mouse in vivo study was performed as described previously, with minor modifications [26 (link)]. Briefly, all mice except for Group I were sensitized with 4% SDS on the back skin to disrupt the skin barrier; after 4 h, the SDS-sensitized areas were treated with 1% DNCB dissolved in acetone:olive oil mixture (1:3, v/v). The mice were treated with DNCB once daily for 3 days on the SDS-sensitized area and then rested for 4 days. SSA and SSC were dissolved in 70% ethanol at a concentration of 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. After a challenge with 0.5% DNCB, 120 µL of 0.5% SSA or 0.3% SSC was dropped (Group II and Group IV). After sacrificing all mice on day 22, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were prepared. All animal experiments were performed according to the protocols approved by the Konkuk University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (approval number KU19129).
6
Fusion Protein Synthesis and Animal Study
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Male BALB/c mice were purchased from Orient Bio, Inc. (Sungnam, Korea) and maintained under temperature-, humidity-, and light-controlled conditions. All animal experimental protocols were approved by the local institutional review board (Korea University, College of Medicine) and performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The fusion proteins R-III and RBP-albumin domain IIIA/IB (R-IIIA/IB) (Supplementary Fig. S3) were synthesized using a previously described method18 (link). Citral, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol, SB203580, and SP600125 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and AGN193109 was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).
7
Ginseng Compounds Inhibit Glioma and Colon Cancer
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WE, NSF, and SF of KRG were provided by the Korea Ginseng Cooperation (Daejeon, Korea). C6 glioma and CT-26 carcinoma cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), streptomycin, penicillin, and L-glutamine were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Male Balb/c mice (age, 6–8 wk; weight, 17–21 g) were purchased from Orient Bio (Gyeonggi, Korea). Annexin V-FITC, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), propidium iodide (PI), and staurosporine were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). TRI reagent was purchased from Molecular Research Center Inc. (Cincinnati, OH, USA). MuLV reverse transcriptase was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) premix and the primers used for semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were obtained from Bioneer Inc. (Daejeon, Korea). The antibodies used in this study were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). The enhanced chemiluminescence system was purchased from AbFrontier (Seoul, Korea).
8
Acute CCl4-Induced Liver Injury Model
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Male BALB/c mice (5–6 weeks) weighing around 25–30 g were purchased from Orient Bio (Seoul, South Korea) and housed under room temperature 22 ± 2 °C, 55 ± 5% humidity with 12 h light–dark cycle condition in the animal breeding center of Advanced Bio convergence center of Pohang Technopark foundation, South Korea. All the mice were provided with free access to drinking water and rodent food. Before the start of the study, we also ascertained that the experiments related to animal use were conducted in accordance with the Pohang Technopark Laboratory Ethics Committee (approval number ABCC2018004) after obtaining approval on 30 June 2018.
After one week of acclimatization, healthy mice were randomly allocated into six mice per group. For an acute liver injury model (n = 6/group), all mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (1 mL/kg) three times a week, except for control groups [42 (link)]. 5-DN mice groups were orally administered with 1 and 2 mg/kg every day until the end of the experiment. On the 15th day, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and the blood was drawn through cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Liver was weighed, measured, and collected for molecular and histological studies.
After one week of acclimatization, healthy mice were randomly allocated into six mice per group. For an acute liver injury model (n = 6/group), all mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 (1 mL/kg) three times a week, except for control groups [42 (link)]. 5-DN mice groups were orally administered with 1 and 2 mg/kg every day until the end of the experiment. On the 15th day, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and the blood was drawn through cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis. Liver was weighed, measured, and collected for molecular and histological studies.
9
BALB/c Mice Behavioral Study
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Male BALB/c mice (4 weeks old, 18–22 g) were acquired from Orient Bio Inc. (Seongnam, Korea). Animals were housed in cages at 24 ± 2 °C and 55% relative humidity in a 12 h light/dark cycle and provided standard diet and water ad libitum. Animal use was conducted in accordance with the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Korea University Animal Care Committee (KUIACUC-2018–20, Seoul, Korea). Mice were divided into six experimental groups (CON, NS, fluoxetine, CRE, TAU, and CRE/TAU groups).
10
Evaluation of GR30 Effects on PM10-Induced Lung Inflammation
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Male BALB/c mice (5 weeks old) were purchased from Orientbio (Gyeonggi-do, Korea) and housed in an air-conditioned (21–25 °C) and humidity-controlled room with a 12 h/12 h on–off light. Animal care and handling were conducted under protocols approved by the Committee on Animal Experimentation of the Catholic University of Korea (Approval number 2017-004-02). A schematic diagram of the treatment schedule is presented in Figure 6 A. The mice were randomly divided into four groups (8 mice/group) and fed normal diets (AIN-93G, 15.8% calories from fat). Mice were orally administered PBS (control group, PM10 group) or GR30 (200–400 mg/kg/day in 200 μL PBS for 21 days daily. The PM10-challenged mice were exposed to 20 mg/mL (w/v, in PBS) for 30 min by inhalation using a compressor nebulizer (0.4 mL/min, NE-C28, Omrom, Tokyo, Japan) and neglected for 2 h. On day 22, starting from the first day of sample administration, the mice were euthanized by IP injection of a 3:2 mixture of Tiletamine-Zolazepam (Zolletil50, Virbac S. A, Carros, France) and Xylazine (Rompun, Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany). The blood samples were collected and stored at −80 °C until the cytokine assays were performed. The lungs were rapidly removed, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C for total RNA and protein extraction.
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