The patients in the tigecycline group were treated with tigecycline (Pfizer Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., manufacturer name: WyEthan Lederle S.r.L., specification: 50 mg, approved by Chinese medicine HJ20160471), while the patients in the combined group were treated with sequential therapy of tigecycline combined with cefoperazone/sulbactam sodium (the trade name is “Supushin,” Pfizer Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., specification: 3.0 g, approved by Chinese medicine H10960113), and the dosage of tigecycline in this group was the same as that in the control group. Intravenous infusion of cefoperazone/sulbactam sodium was injected 2 times a day, 3.0 g each time. Both groups were treated for 4 consecutive weeks to evaluate the curative effect.
Tigecycline
Manufactured by Pfizer
Sourced in United States
Tigecycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic medication used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It belongs to the tetracycline class of antibiotics and functions by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, thus preventing the growth and multiplication of bacteria.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Imipenem, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Tobramycin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Ciprofloxacin, by Bayer (5 mentions)
Vancomycin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Colistin sulfate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Piperacillin tazobactam, by Pfizer (4 mentions)
Gentamicin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Colistin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Minocycline hydrochloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ceftriaxone, by Roche (3 mentions)
Ampicillin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Linezolid, by Pfizer (3 mentions)
Rifampicin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Imipenem, by MSD (3 mentions)
Colistin, by Pfizer (2 mentions)
Teicoplanin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Gentamycin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Penicillin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Amikacin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Doripenem, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
37 protocols using tigecycline
1
Tigecycline and Cefoperazone/Sulbactam Therapy
2
Determination of Tigecycline Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are listed in Table
2 . The cells were grown at 37°C in LB broth and agar. To determine the MIC, a broth microdilution method was used according to the 2012 CLSI guidelines
[36 ]. Briefly, bacteria were inoculated into 1 mL cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) containing different concentrations of tigecycline (Pfizer, Collegeville, PA) to reach ≈ 5 × 105 CFU/mL, and the cultures were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The lowest tigecycline concentration that completely inhibited bacterial growth was defined as the MIC, and growth was determined by unaided eyes and by measuring optical densities (ODs) using a spectrophotometer. On the basis of the report published by Pachón-Ibáñez et al., the provisional MIC breakpoints for tigecycline are ≤2, 4, and ≥8 μg/mL to designate susceptible, intermediate, and resistant strains, respectively
[37 (link)].
[36 ]. Briefly, bacteria were inoculated into 1 mL cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) containing different concentrations of tigecycline (Pfizer, Collegeville, PA) to reach ≈ 5 × 105 CFU/mL, and the cultures were incubated at 37°C for 24 h. The lowest tigecycline concentration that completely inhibited bacterial growth was defined as the MIC, and growth was determined by unaided eyes and by measuring optical densities (ODs) using a spectrophotometer. On the basis of the report published by Pachón-Ibáñez et al., the provisional MIC breakpoints for tigecycline are ≤2, 4, and ≥8 μg/mL to designate susceptible, intermediate, and resistant strains, respectively
[37 (link)].
3
Comparative Evaluation of Omadacycline and Tigecycline
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Omadacycline was kindly provided by Paratek Pharmaceuticals (Boston, MA, USA). Tigecycline was purchased from Pfizer (New York, NY, USA).
4
Efflux Pump Inhibition Assay for Colistin and Tigecycline Resistance
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
PAβN and CCCP inhibitory tests were used to explore the role of efflux pumps in both the colistin- and tigecycline-resistant strains (Ni et al., 2016 (link)). MIC values for colistin and tigecycline (Pfizer, NY, United States) were determined using the broth microdilution method as recommended by the CLSI guidelines (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute [CLSI], 2015 ). Briefly, stock solutions of PAβN (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China) and CCCP (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China) were prepared at 10 mg/mL in sterile water and DMSO, respectively. Bacterial growth in Mueller-Hinton broth containing tigecycline or colistin with and without PAβN (25 mg/L) or CCCP (10 mg/L) was then evaluated in parallel. A growth control with 25 mg/L PAβN or 10 mg/L CCCP in Mueller-Hinton broth was added to evaluate the effect of each of the efflux pump inhibitors on their own in each strain.
5
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Gram-Negative Bacteria
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amikacin, imipenem, meropenem, cotrimoxazole, tobramycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, cefotetan, cefepime, ceftazidime, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin/sulbactam were determined by the VITEK-2 compact system in strict accordance with the operating instructions. The susceptibility testing of ceftazidime/avibactam (Oxoid, UK) was performed by disk diffusion method, and the MICs of tigecycline (Pfizer, USA) and polymyxin B (Sigma, USA) were determined by broth microdilution method. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were used as quality control (QC) strains. Except for tigecycline, which was interpreted by the guideline of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA),18 the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).19
6
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Typtic Soy Broth (TSB), Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA), and Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) were obtained from Becton, Dickinson and Company (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Tigecycline was purchased from Pfizer Inc. (Philadelphia, PA, USA).
7
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All culture media were purchased from Becton Dickinson & Co. DifcoTM (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Colistin sulfate, piperacillin, minocycline hydrochloride, tobramycin, and moxifloxacin hydrochloride were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and levofloxacin were purchased from Siam Bheasach Co., Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand). Tigecycline and ceftaroline fosamil were Pfizer Inc. (Philadelphia, PA, USA). Ceftazidime was obtained from Reyoung Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China). Imipenem was obtained from Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (Elkton, VA, USA). Meropenem was obtained from M&H manufacturing Co., Ltd. (Samutprakarn, Thailand). Cefoperazone and sulbactam was obtained from L.B.S. Laboratory Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand). Ceftolozane and tazobactam was obtained from Steri-Pharma, LLC (Syracuse, NY, USA). Fosfomycin was obtained from Meiji seikakaisna, Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan).
8
Manuka Honey Inhibits NDM-1 Klebsiella Infections
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Mice were divided into five different experimental groups; A (negative control, non-infected mice), B (positive control, infected mice), C (infected mice treated with 20% Manuka honey), D (infected mice treated with 30% Manuka honey) and E (infected mice treated with tigecycline) and each group comprised of eight mice. Mice of Groups B, C, D and E were challenged with 100µL of 1x10 5 CFU of NDM-1 K. pneumoniae ST11 strain through lateral tail vein to produce systemic infection [23] and observed for any clinical signs and symptoms. However, Group B mice were not treated with any therapeutic agent and blood culture was performed to establish the bacteremia in BACTEC 9120 (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument System, Spark, Md) instrument. After 3 hours post infection, mice of Group C and D were treated with 200µL of 20% and 30% (v/v) Manuka honey through lateral tail vein respectively with an interval of 12 hours for next two weeks [11] . Blood culture was performed on 7 th and 15 th day post treatment for bacterial count (CFU). However, mice of Group E administered 5mg/kg intravenous injection of tigecycline (Pfizer, Laboratories, USA) twice a day after 3 hours post infection and treated for seven days [24] and blood culture was performed on seven days for CFU.
9
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All isolates were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the agar dilution method according to CLSI guidelines (M100-S27). The tested drugs included ceftriaxone (Roche China, Shanghai, China), cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, amikacin, levofloxacin, minocycline, fosfomycin (National Institute for Food and Drug Control of China, Beijing, China), piperacillin/tazobactam, tigecycline (Pfizer, NY, USA), imipenem (Merck Sharp & Dohme, Hangzhou, China), meropenem (Sumitomo Pharmaceuticals, Suzhou, China), ciprofloxacin (Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany), and polymyxin B (Amresco, Solon, USA). Strains used in quality control were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The results were interpreted according to 2017 CLSI standards (M100-S27). The tigecycline test was performed according to the Food and Drug Administration standards.
10
Antibiotic Preparation and Storage
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, meropenem, piperacillin, and tobramycin) were purchased from Merck. Tigecycline was purchased through Apoteket (Swedish state-owned pharmaceuticals retailer) as Tygacil (Wyeth, Pfizer). All work and incubations with Tigecycline were performed protected from light to prevent degradation of the antibiotic. All antibiotics were prepared as liquid stock solutions in their respective solvent (Table S1) and were stored at −20°C in polypropylene 1.5-mL reaction tubes (cat. no. 72.690.001, Sarstedt) as small aliquots for single-thaw use, except for meropenem and piperacillin, which were prepared fresh on the day of experiment. Tigecycline was frozen in 1.5-mL LightSafe micro centrifuge tubes (cat. no. Z688312, Merck), and colistin was frozen in 3.5-mL soda glass vials (cat. no. 005-1970-3,5-R, Bergman Laboratories).
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!