All reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Ultrapure water was used for all experiments, obtained from a Millipore water purification system (MA, USA). (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) (≥98%), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) (≥99%), methacrylic anhydride (assay 94%), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) (>98%) and acrylic acid (AA) (≥99%, stabilized) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) (>99%), ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O ≥ 99%), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O ≥ 99%), hydrochloric acid (HCl) (≥99.8%), NaOH (≥ 98%), and toluene (≥99.9%) were obtained from Merck, Germany. Potassium persulfate (KPS) (assay ≥ 98%) and sodium chlorite (NaClO2) (≃80%) were purchased from BDH Chemical Ltd, Poole England while sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 97.5–98.5%) was purchased from RCI Labscan, Thailand.
2 2 6 6 tetramethylpiperidine 1 oxyl tempo
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) is a stable nitroxyl radical compound. It is a versatile reagent used in organic synthesis and analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium bromide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Penicillin g sodium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methacrylic anhydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tetraethyl orthosilicate teos, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 aminopropyltriethoxysilane aptes, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Toluene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferric chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfuric acid h2so4, by RCI Labscan (1 mentions)
K2hpo4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
2 2 6 6 tetramethylpiperidine temp, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kh2po4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nh4hco3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade solvent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Peg 6000, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using 2 2 6 6 tetramethylpiperidine 1 oxyl tempo
1
Synthesis of Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles
2
Preparation and Quantification of Singlet Oxygen Precursors
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Peroxidase from horseradish (HRP) type VI, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, NH4HCO3, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP), 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) and hexa-2,4-dienoic acid (sorbic acid) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO). 2-Methylpropanal (isobutyraldehyde or isobutanal, IBAL), D2O and CCl4 were purchased from Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). HPLC grade solvents were acquired from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). IBAL was distilled before use. Deuterated phosphate buffer at pD 7.4 (equivalent to pH 7.0) was prepared by mixing D2O stock solutions of KH2PO4 and K2HPO4. 3,3,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,2-dioxetane (TMD) was prepared as previously described by Kopecky et al.57 58 . Standard anthracene-9,10-diyldiethane-2,1-diyl disulfate disodium salt (EAS) endoperoxide (EASO2) was prepared by methylene blue photosensitization in aerated deuterium water containing 8 mM EAS, and was subsequently quantified spectrophotometrically30 (link)34 (link)35 (link)44 (link)45 . 1,4-Dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) endoperoxide (DMNO2) was also prepared by UVA irradiation of DMN/methylene blue and then quantified spectrophotometrically60 .
3
Tuning PEG Fusion Temperatures
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PEG samples (Sigma-Aldrich)
of a given molecular mass (Mn, g/mol)
were selected for tuning the fusion temperature, namely, PEG600 (Mn 600, fusion at 17–22 °C), PEG1000
(Mn 950–1050, fusion at 37 °C),
PEG4000 (Mn 4000, fusion at 48–55
°C), PEG6000 (Mn 6000, fusion at
58–60 °C), and PEG8000 (Mn 8000, fusion 58–60 °C). The chemicals used for the CNF
preparation, including NaOH, NaClO, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
(TEMPO), were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
of a given molecular mass (Mn, g/mol)
were selected for tuning the fusion temperature, namely, PEG600 (Mn 600, fusion at 17–22 °C), PEG1000
(Mn 950–1050, fusion at 37 °C),
PEG4000 (Mn 4000, fusion at 48–55
°C), PEG6000 (Mn 6000, fusion at
58–60 °C), and PEG8000 (Mn 8000, fusion 58–60 °C). The chemicals used for the CNF
preparation, including NaOH, NaClO, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl
(TEMPO), were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
4
Raloxifene-loaded Biocomposite Scaffold
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Raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX) was purchased from Glochem Industries Limited (Hyderabad, Telangana, India). Bleached bagasse pulp was gifted by Qena Company of Paper Industry, Egypt. Poloxamer 407, sodium bromide, sodium hypochlorite, hydroxyapatite (TCP; tribasic calcium phosphate) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) were procured from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, USA. Fujicalin® (DCP; dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous) was kindly donated by Fuji Chemical Industry CO., Ltd. (Toyama, Japan).
Human cells of bone osteosarcoma (Saos-2) with American type ATCC were obtained from Vacsera, Egypt. Sodium pyruvate and McCoy’s 5a Medium supplemented with L-glutamine, penicillin G sodium, amphotericin B, streptomycin sulphate and fetal bovine serum were procured from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA. Alkaline Phosphatase Assay Kit (Catalog Number, ab83369) was bought from Abcam, Cambridge, UK.
All other reagents were of analytical grade and the utilized water was distilled, deionized water.
Human cells of bone osteosarcoma (Saos-2) with American type ATCC were obtained from Vacsera, Egypt. Sodium pyruvate and McCoy’s 5a Medium supplemented with L-glutamine, penicillin G sodium, amphotericin B, streptomycin sulphate and fetal bovine serum were procured from Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA. Alkaline Phosphatase Assay Kit (Catalog Number, ab83369) was bought from Abcam, Cambridge, UK.
All other reagents were of analytical grade and the utilized water was distilled, deionized water.
5
Nanofibrillated Cellulose Synthesis and Characterization
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Never-dried nanofibrillated cellulose, made from northern bleached softwood kraft pulp, with ~3% consistency (dry pulp/slurry) and a width of 28.4 μm, was purchased from the University of Maine and used for further treatment. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, 13%, Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), sodium bromide (NaBr, 99+%, reagent grade, Sigma-Aldrich), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 0.1 N, Certified, Fisher Scientific), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 0.1N, Certified, Fisher Scientific), and ethanol (C2H6O, 95%, Decon Labs, King of Prussia, PA, USA) were used as received. Graphite (particle size of <20 μm) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, USA.
6
Bleached Bagasse Pulp Functionalization
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The bleached bagasse pulp was supplied from Quena Company of Paper Industry, Egypt. The hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (average Mw 30,000–70,000) and sodium alginate (SA) (Mw = 1.93 × 105 g/mol) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Sodium metaperiodite (NaIO4), NaBr, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MA, USA). Additional chemicals needed for the different analytical methods were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MA, USA). All chemical reagents were used with no further purification.
7
Cellulose Nanofibers from Diverse Pulp Sources
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The never-dried commercial bleached softwood kraft pulp provided by a paper mill (Guangdong, China) was selected as the source of the CNFs. There were two kinds of recycled pulp in this research. The recycled pulp provided by Nine Dragon paper mill (Guangdong, China) was named as recycled pulp A. The recycled pulp supplied by Huatai paper mill (Jiangmen, China) was named as recycled pulp B. The commercial bleached hardwood pulp which was also used for the preparation of paper was provided by a paper mill (Guangdong, China). The endoglucanase (BANZYME 2900) whose activity was 7.3 IU/mL was purchased from Banmark firm, Finland. The commercial pine pulp was provided by Hubei Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd. (China) and purchased as pulp board directly before use. The 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO, purity ≥ 98%) was provided by Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
8
Arabinoxylan Characterization and Oxidation
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Linear XOS (X3, X4, X5, and X6), branched AXOS standards (A 3 X, A 2 XX, XA 3 XX, A 2+3 XX) both >95%, wheat arabinoxylan (medium viscosity; ∼95%), and endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Cellvibrio mixtus (750 U mL -1 ) were purchased from Megazyme International (Bray, Ireland), ammonium formate (≥99.995% trace metal basis), 25% aqueous ammonia (NH 3 ) and formic acid (both LC-MS grade), 35% hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ; purum p.a.), iodine (I 2 ; ≥99.8%), iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO 4 •7H 2 O; ≥99%), methanol (HPLC-grade), potassium hydroxide (KOH; ≥85%), sodium chlorite (NaClO 2 ; 80%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH; ≥97.0%), sodium hypochlorite solution (NaClO; 10-15%), and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO; 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Germany). L-Ascorbic acid (AA; ≥99.5%) was purchased from Fluka (Germany). Acetonitrile (ACN; ULC/MS grade) was purchased from Biosolve B.V. (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands) and the aqueous solutions were prepared with nanopure Milli-Q® water (H 2 O; ≥18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C).
9
TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibrils Production
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Bleached eucalyptus pulp (BEP), supplied by Emcee, Navia, Spain, was used as cellulosic resource to produce nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF). 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) (98% purity, Sigma Aldrich, Madrid, Spain) used as catalyst, sodium bromide (NaBr, ≥99% purity), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, 5% w/w of chlorine), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 98% purity), all supplied by Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain, were the reactants used in the TEMPO-mediated oxidation.
Potato starch (food grade, applied for food market) was provided by Avebe, Veendam, The Netherlands and used, without any prior purification, as biodegradable polymer matrix. Glycerol (95% purity) was provided by Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain and added as a plasticizer.
α-amylase (Aquazym 480L, declared activity 480 KNU-B/g) was kindly provided by Novozymes, Baggsværd, Denmark and used as received to perform the enzymatic hydrolytic study.
Potato starch (food grade, applied for food market) was provided by Avebe, Veendam, The Netherlands and used, without any prior purification, as biodegradable polymer matrix. Glycerol (95% purity) was provided by Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain and added as a plasticizer.
α-amylase (Aquazym 480L, declared activity 480 KNU-B/g) was kindly provided by Novozymes, Baggsværd, Denmark and used as received to perform the enzymatic hydrolytic study.
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