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Enterra

Manufactured by Medtronic
Sourced in United States

The Enterra is a medical device designed for the treatment of chronic nausea and vomiting. It is an implantable neurostimulator that delivers electrical pulses to the stomach to help regulate gastric function.

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Lab products found in correlation

3 protocols using enterra

1

Gastric Electrical Stimulation for Gastroparesis

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A review protocol was devised regarding search strategy and data extraction. Studies published since 1993 were identified using PubMed, Web of Knowledge, DISCOVER, and the Cochrane Library. The search terms included those used originally by Zhang and Chen (2006) [20 (link)], including the following additional keywords: “gastroparesis,” “gastric electrical stimulation,” “neuromodulation,” “central nervous system,” “gastrointestinal,” “nausea and vomiting,” “gastric pacing,” and “stomach.” The Enterra (Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA) device is the most widely utilized device and has been the focus of this review. Non-English publications and nonhuman studies were excluded from the results. Search results were examined with regard to title and abstract and suitable studies identified. Included studies had to be primary research, involving at least ten participants with a minimum of six months of follow-up, specifically evaluating the outcomes of permanent gastric electrical stimulation in the treatment of diagnosed gastroparesis. This included randomised controlled trials and open-label cohort and case-control studies. Included participants were required to be at least 18 years of age. This systematic review is reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines [21 (link)].
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2

Gastroparesis Symptom Relief with GES

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The Institutional Review Board of the University of Mississippi Medical Center granted ethical approval for this work. Consecutive patients undergoing implantation with GES devices (Enterra, Medtronic, MN) were recruited and gave informed consent. All patients had been diagnosed with medically-refractory gastroparesis, confirmed by standardized scintigraphy testing (≥10% gastric retention of standard meal at 4 hours) [21 (link)], and were free of malignancy, primary eating disorders, or pregnancy. Demographic data, comorbidities, medical histories, and body mass index were recorded for each patient.
Symptom severity was assessed at baseline and post-implant as a total symptom score (TSS) for each patient. TSS was calculated by scoring five symptoms (pain, bloating/distension, nausea, vomiting, and early satiety) on a five-point Likert scale (0-absent, to 4-severe), which were then summed to yield the TSS, effectively an overall symptom severity metric out of a possible 20 points (0-absent, to 20-severe across all categories) [17 (link)].
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3

Gastric Excision for Cellular Pathophysiology in Gastroparesis

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Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of The University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC). Ten consecutive patients with gastroparesis undergoing surgical implantation of gastric electrical stimulation devices (Enterra, Medtronic, MN, USA) at UMMC were invited to participate. All of these patients consented to undergo full-thickness gastric excisions at the time of device implantation, as part of investigations of cellular pathophysiology (11 (link)),(15 (link)), thereby allowing the opportunity to conduct intraoperative HR mapping after gastric excisions within an ethically rigorous framework. Baseline gastric slow wave propagation in patients with gastroparesis has been described elsewhere (11 (link)).
The excisions were performed through a small midline laparotomy wound from the anterior stomach, midway between the curvatures and approximately 90 mm proximal to the pylorus (15 (link)). A 29 mm circular surgical stapler was applied side-on at the serosal gastric surface, and a full-thickness wedge of gastric wall was taken into the stapling mechanism for retrieval. The excised tissue was approximately an ellipsoid shape of ~20 × 15 mm. The excision site was then oversewn in continuous fashion with close seromuscular sutures.
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