Silver nitrite, sodium citrate, L -ascorbic acid, sodium silicate, MPTMS, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 4-ATP, sodium borohydride, ammonium hydroxide (25%), isopropanol, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium chloride, sodium bromide and potassium iodide were purchased from Sigma/Aldrich/Fluka. 4-NTP was purchased from Fluorochem. 4-MBA was purchased from TCI. Glycerol was purchased from AppliChem. Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 was purchased from Carl Roth. All chemical reagents were used as received without further purification.
Ammonium hydroxide 25
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Ammonium hydroxide (25%) is a laboratory chemical solution. It is an aqueous mixture of ammonia and water, with a concentration of approximately 25% ammonia by weight.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ferric chloride hexahydrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium citrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium silicate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycerol, by AppliChem (1 mentions)
Mptms, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Silver nitrite, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 atp, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone k30, by Carl Roth (1 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium iodide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tetraethyl orthosilicate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
7 protocols using ammonium hydroxide 25
1
Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles
2
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Metal-based Compounds and Essential Oils
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Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), ammonium hydroxide 25% (NH4OH), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), chloroform and ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Thyme, rosemary, and basil EOs were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany). All chemicals were of analytical purity and used with no further purification.
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial and fungal species involved in numerous human pathologies due to their potential to generate microbial biofilms and to manifest antibiotic resistance were selected. Specifically, reference ATCC strains from the collection of the Institute for Diagnosis and Animal Health (I.D.A.H.), namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were used for antimicrobial assays. For the cultivation and testing of bacterial strains, Oxoid BHI broth was used, while for Candida albicans, Oxoid Sabouraud Liquid Medium.
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial and fungal species involved in numerous human pathologies due to their potential to generate microbial biofilms and to manifest antibiotic resistance were selected. Specifically, reference ATCC strains from the collection of the Institute for Diagnosis and Animal Health (I.D.A.H.), namely Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 were used for antimicrobial assays. For the cultivation and testing of bacterial strains, Oxoid BHI broth was used, while for Candida albicans, Oxoid Sabouraud Liquid Medium.
3
Antimicrobial and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
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Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4·7H2O), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), ammonium hydroxide 25% (NH4OH), ethanol, and curcumin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dextran (M~500,000 g/mol) and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany). All chemicals were of analytical purity and used with no further purification.
The antimicrobial assays were performed using three microbial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231) obtained from the collection of the microbiology laboratory within the Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest.
HT-29 human epithelial cells (colon adenocarcinoma, well-differentiated) (ATCC, Merck, Romania) were selected as the model for cytotoxicity assessments.
The antimicrobial assays were performed using three microbial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231) obtained from the collection of the microbiology laboratory within the Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest.
HT-29 human epithelial cells (colon adenocarcinoma, well-differentiated) (ATCC, Merck, Romania) were selected as the model for cytotoxicity assessments.
4
Immunosensor for Hepatitis B Antibodies
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Primary antihuman hepatitis B antibody (HBV-Ab) and HBsAg were
purchased
from Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobes srl. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS),
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethanol, glutaraldehyde, ferric chloride,
ferrous chloride, ammonium hydroxide (25%), toluene, tetrachloroauric
acid (HAuCl4), sodium citrate, cystamine, and all other
reagents of analytical grade were from Merck, Sigma, or Aldrich. The
phosphate buffer solution was used for all measurements. Experiments
were carried out at room temperature, 25 ± 0.1 °C.
purchased
from Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobes srl. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS),
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethanol, glutaraldehyde, ferric chloride,
ferrous chloride, ammonium hydroxide (25%), toluene, tetrachloroauric
acid (HAuCl4), sodium citrate, cystamine, and all other
reagents of analytical grade were from Merck, Sigma, or Aldrich. The
phosphate buffer solution was used for all measurements. Experiments
were carried out at room temperature, 25 ± 0.1 °C.
5
Analytical-Grade Chemical Characterization
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All chemicals used were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Ammonium hydroxide 25%, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-butanol, natrium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and rhodamine B were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Pigment red 53 and Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were obtained from TCI. Polystyrene (PS) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
6
Phytochemical Screening of Herbal Medicines
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All chemicals used were of analytical grade, and they were used without further purification. All solutions were made using distilled water. Allopurinol was obtained from Nanjing Pharma Chemical Plant. 2-Naphthol, ammonium hydroxide 25%, hydrochloric acid 37%, bismuth subnitrate, ethanol 95%, ferric chloride, potassium hydroxide, potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide, potassium chlorate crystals, sodium nitrite, sodium nitroprusside, sodium sulfite anhydrous, silver nitrate, Dragendorff reagent, p-DAB, and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Merck. Alkaline fuchsin was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, and sample packaged herbs were purchased from traditional drug store around Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java. Whatman No. 1, No. 4, and No. 6 and Whatman 1 chromatography qualitative-grade filter paper were purchased from GE Healthcare. The absorbance measurement was recorded by UV-Visible spectrophotometer Analytik Jena SPECORD 200 using a 1.0 cm quartz cell.
7
Solvent Preparation for LC-MS Analysis
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Acetonitrile (ACN, LC-MS grade), ammonium formate (LC-MS grade), formic acid (LC-MS grade), methanol (LC-MS grade) for all LC-MS analyses and metabolite extractions as well as methanol (HPLC-grade) used for sponge storage/extraction just after sampling was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, United Kingdom). Dichloromethane (DCM, HPLC grade) was obtained from VWR (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France) and ethanol (reagent grad/HPLC grade) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, United Kingdom). Isopropanol, IPA (LC-MS grade) was bought from Janssen (Geel, Belgium). Ammonium hydroxide (25%, LC-MS grade) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
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