Three compounds, (−)-vesamicol, (−)-eticlopride, and (−)-quinpirole were used for pretreatment in the current study. The binding affinities of these compounds are obtained from extant literature (Hall et al., 1985 (link); Malmberg and Mohell, 1995 (link); Tu et al., 2015 (link)) and are listed in Table 1 . Compounds (±)-vesamicol, (−)-eticlopride, and (−)-quinpirole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation in Saint Louis, MO. (−)-Vesamicol was resolved from (±)-vesamicol and then converted to hydrochloride salt in-house. All compounds were dissolved in 100% sterile water to yield the desired concentration within 24 hours prior to the microPET studies.
Vesamicol
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Senegal
Vesamicol is a laboratory product manufactured by Merck Group. It functions as a selective and reversible inhibitor of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), a protein responsible for the uptake of acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Memantine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nifedipine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
N methyl d aspartate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
D 2 amino 5 phosphonopentanoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dihydro β erythroidine hydrobromide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
7 8 diol citrate salt mla, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pd98059, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ly294002, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pentazocine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
125i nai, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Sprague dawley rats, by Sankyo Labo Service (1 mentions)
Apex 2 ultra, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Neostigmine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pancuronium, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glutamate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Eticlopride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quinpirole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using vesamicol
1
Evaluation of Receptor Binding Affinities
2
Optical Isomers of OIDV Synthesis
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(+/-)-Vesamicol, (+)-pentazocine and DTG were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO). Radioisotopes were purchased from PerkinElmer, Inc. (Waltham, MA), unless otherwise noted.
The HPLC column (Chiralpak IA, 9.6 mm × 250 mm) was purchased from DAICEL Co. (Osaka, Japan). The reverse phase HPLC column (Zorbax-ODS RX-18, 9.6 mm × 250 mm) was purchased from Agilent Technologies Inc. (Santa Clara, CA). [125I]NaI was purchased from PerkinElmer Inc. (Waltham, MA)). [123I]NaI was supplied by Nihon Medi-Physics Co (Nishinomiya Japan). Specific rotation was obtained on a Nippon Bunko DIP-181 digital polarimeter. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were purchased from Sankyo Labo Service Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Animal experiments were performed in compliance with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals at the Takara-machi Campus of Kanazawa University. The animal experimental protocols used were approved by the Committee on Animal Experimentation of Kanazawa University (Permit Number: AP-153454). In animal studies, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation under ether anesthesia. The structures of the two OIDV optical isomers were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis (APEX II ULTRA, Bruker AXS K. K. Japan) performed by Bruker AXS K. K. company (Fig 1 ) (S1 and S2 Files ).
The HPLC column (Chiralpak IA, 9.6 mm × 250 mm) was purchased from DAICEL Co. (Osaka, Japan). The reverse phase HPLC column (Zorbax-ODS RX-18, 9.6 mm × 250 mm) was purchased from Agilent Technologies Inc. (Santa Clara, CA). [125I]NaI was purchased from PerkinElmer Inc. (Waltham, MA)). [123I]NaI was supplied by Nihon Medi-Physics Co (Nishinomiya Japan). Specific rotation was obtained on a Nippon Bunko DIP-181 digital polarimeter. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were purchased from Sankyo Labo Service Co. (Tokyo, Japan). Animal experiments were performed in compliance with the Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals at the Takara-machi Campus of Kanazawa University. The animal experimental protocols used were approved by the Committee on Animal Experimentation of Kanazawa University (Permit Number: AP-153454). In animal studies, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation under ether anesthesia. The structures of the two OIDV optical isomers were determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis (APEX II ULTRA, Bruker AXS K. K. Japan) performed by Bruker AXS K. K. company (
3
Biochemical Characterization of Cembranoid Compounds
4
Biochemical Characterization of Cembranoid Compounds
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), memantine, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), D (−)-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (APV), vesamicol, nifedipine, dihydro-β-erythroidine hydrobromide (DHβE), [1α,4 (S),6β,14α,16β]-20-Ethyl-1,6,14,16-tetramethoxy-4-[[[2-(3-methyl-2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)benzoyl]oxy]methyl]aconitane-7,8-diol citrate salt (MLA), PD98059, LY294002 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Cembranoid (1S,2E, 4R, 6R,7E,11E) -cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol (4R) (CAS number 57605–81-9) was prepared and purified from tobacco by Prof. K. El Sayed (School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana, Monroe, LA).
5
Pharmacological Modulation of Neuromuscular Cocultures
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