Potassium thiocyanate

To synthesize the hexarhenium cluster and core/shell QDs, 2-dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate, 1-chlorododecane, cesium chloride (CsCl), potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), copper (Ι) iodide (CuI, 99.999%), gallium (III) iodide (GaI₃, 99.99%), zinc chloride (ZnCl₂, 98%), zinc stearate (Zn(St)₂, 10–12% Zn basis), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT, 98%), oleylamine (OLA, 70%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%), MMA, and azobisisobutylnitrile (AIBN) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Rhenium powder and sulfur powder (99.998%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. All chemicals were used as received without further purification. For the photophysical measurements, acetonitrile (Duksan) was distilled over CaH₂ in an argon atmosphere.

All chemicals were of analytical
grade and used as received unless otherwise specified. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III), calcium chloride, glucose,
and potassium chloride were obtained from Fisher. Ammonium chloride,
citric acid, magnesium sulfate, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether
(PEGDGE), potassium thiocyanate, sodium chloride, sodium phosphate
dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic, and sulfuric acid were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich.
The enzyme GOx from Aspergillus
niger Type X-S (100 to 250 U mg^–1) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. BOD from Myrothecium
verrucaria (1.2 U mg^–1) was purchased
from Amano Enzymes, Japan.
The osmium redox polymer used, [Os(2,2′-bipyridine)₂(polyvinylimidazole)₁₀Cl]Cl denoted OsPVI, was
synthesized using literature procedures.^{21 (link),22 (link)}All aqueous solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (18.2
MΩ cm^–1) from a Milli-Q water system (Merck
Millipore, UK). Phosphate buffer (PB) at a concentration of 0.1 M
and pH 7.4 was prepared by dissolving sodium phosphate monobasic and
sodium phosphate dibasic in Milli-Q water. A stock solution of 2 M
glucose was prepared in PB and left overnight to allow the mutarotation
from α- to β-monomer.^{23 (link)} The
glucose solution was kept at 4 °C and used within 2 weeks.
Synthetic saliva was prepared as previously described by Kim et
al.^{24 (link)} and kept in dark and at room temperature.

N-Methylimidazole (> 99%), 4-Methylpyridine (> 98%), Potassium thiocyanate (> 98%), sodium tetrafluoroborate (> 98%), 1-Chlorobutane (> 99%), and 1-Bromobutane (> 99%) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich. Ethyl acetate (> 99%), Toluene (> 99%), Ethanol (> 99%) and were obtained from Merck. Aluminum nitrate (Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O) (> 99%), and Terephthalic acid (> 98%) were purchased from Merck products. CO₂ gas (> 99%) was used in gas absorption tests.

Flagellin proteins from SE were isolated as described previously [12 (link)]. Salmonella Enteritidis bacterial culture was grown on Trypticase soy agar plates and was inoculated into brain heart infusion broth and subsequently incubated for 48 h at 37°C, without shaking. The cells were washed with PBS (pH 7.4) and centrifuged at 7000 ×g for 30 min. The cell pellet was treated with 3M potassium thiocyanate (Sigma, MO) in PBS for 2 h at room temperature, under magnetic stirring. The cell suspension was centrifuged at 35,000 ×g for 30 min and the supernatant containing flagellin-protein-enriched extract was dialyzed once against PBS (pH 7.4), followed by Milli-Q water, and freeze-dried with 5% sucrose as a cryoprotectant. The protein concentration was estimated using micro-BCA protein assay kit as per the manufacturer’s instructions.

The 14 FS purchased from retail stores were multi-ingredient products containing monacolin K (composition in Table S1). Purified water was used during all the disintegration experiments. Acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), formic acid, and water (LC-MS grade) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ammonium formate (analytical grade) was provided by Carlo Erba Reagents (Cornaredo, Italy). The analytical standard of CIT (purity > 98%) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and stored in tightly closed containers at −20 °C as specified by the manufacturer. The following enzymes and chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy) for use in simulating GiD: α-amylase from human saliva, pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, pancreatin from porcine pancreas, potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂·2 H₂O), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), monosodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄), sodium chloride (NaCl), and potassium thiocyanate (KCNS).

Bovine lactoperoxidase (L2005), sodium chloride, potassium thiocyanate, sodium cyanide, and hydrogen peroxide (30% solution) were purchased from Sigma. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was determined at 240 nm using the molar extinction coefficient of 39.4 m⁻¹ cm⁻¹ (38 (link)). Potassium bromide and potassium iodide were obtained from Merck. All other chemicals, if not stated otherwise, were purchased from Sigma at the highest grade available. H₂O₂ solutions and potassium iodide were prepared fresh before use.