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7 protocols using ethyl cyanoacetate

1

Isotopic Labeling of Biomolecules

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Triethyl orthoformate, ethyl cyanoacetate, diethyl malonate, sodium metal, lithium aluminum hydride solution, triethylamine, potassium persulfate, silver nitrate, and 15N2-urea were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Potassium perruthenate, paraformaldehyde, N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide + 1% tert-butyldimetheylchlorosilane (MTBSTFA + 1% TBDMCS), reagent grade solvents, and anhydrous solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). 15N2-Orotic acid, 2H4-thymine, DMSO-d6, and methanol-d4 were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratory (Cambridge, MA). 2H4-5-methylcytosine and 2H2-cytosine were obtained from CDN Isotopes (Quebec, Canada). 15N2-uracil was purchased from Euriso-top (Saint-Aubin, France).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-based Nanostructures

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All chemical substances have been used as bought from Sigma-Aldrich and Merck Companies. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (tetraethoxysilane) (98% w/w), ethanol (99.5% w/w), (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (95% w/w), HNO3 (65% w/w), and silver nitrate (≥ 99.0%), potassium persulphate (99.99%), hydrazine hydrate (24–26% in H2O (RT)), isatin (97%), acenaphthene quinone (97%), malononitrile (98%), ethyl cyanoacetate (98%), dimedone (95%), barbituric acid ethyl acetoacetate (99%), 4-hydroxycoumarin (98%), three-methyl-1H-pyrazole-five (4H)-one (98%), α-naphthol (99%), β-naphthol (99%), n-hexane (99%), ethyl acetic acid (99%), and desired derivations have been provided from the Sigma-Aldrich Company. The stem and roots of the Spear Thistle were purchased from a local shop in Tehran (in Iran). The leaves were purchased from a local shop in Tehran. The plant we used in this work is a plant that is found in abundance in local shops and is not wild and endangered. This study complies with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation.
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3

Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds via Multicomponent Reactions

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The nitroketene dithioacetals, cysteamine hydrochloride, isatin, malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, methyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetohydrazide, barbituric acid, derivatives of isatin, triethylamine and solvents were obtained from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification. Nano-silica (CAB-O-SIL® M5) was obtained from Cabot Co. IR spectra: Bruker Tensor 27 spectrometer. NMR spectra: Bruker DRX-300 Avance instrument (300 MHz for 1H and 75.4 MHz for 13C) with DMSO-d6 as solvents. Chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million (ppm), and coupling constant (J) are reported in hertz (Hz). Mass spectra: Agilent 5975C VL MSD with Triple-Axis detector operating at an ionization potential of 70 eV. Elemental analyses for C, H and N: Heraeus CHNO-Rapid analyzer. Melting points: electrothermal 9100 apparatus.
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4

Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Compounds

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The starting chemicals were metal salts, ammonium acetate, hydrazine hydrate, acetyl thiophene, 4-methoxy benzaldehyde, ethyl cyanoacetate, ethyl chloroacetate, and potassium carbonate that were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and utilized without additional purification. Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK) supplied the solvents, which were ethanol (99%) and N,N-Dimethylformamide (99%).
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5

Halloysite-based Catalytic Platform

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For the preparation of the catalyst, reagents and solvents were used as follows: Halloysite (Hal), 3-(aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES), 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT), 3-Aminopyridine, K2CO3, toluene, THF, CH2Cl2, Chloro sulfunic acid, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
A variety of substances have been evaluated for their catalytic capability and efficiency, including: malononitrile, Ethyl cyanoacetate, benzaldehyde derivatives, various of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds such as dimedone, 4-hydroxy coumarin, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone and etc., were procured from Sigma–Aldrich.
Several analyses were conducted to confirm the structure of the catalyst, including: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermos gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and elemental mapping analyses.
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6

Synthesis of Quinolinone Derivatives

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Aryl glyoxal, ethyl cyanoacetate, 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one, Mn(OAc)2, K2CO3, KMnO4, Cu(NO3)2, ethanol (EtOH), GO (graphene oxide), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), Hexane, and Methanol (MeOH) were obtained from Aldrich and Merck companies.
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7

Synthesis of Functionalized Silica Materials

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Tetramethyl orthosilicate
(TMOS, 99%), dry Ethanol (99.5%, extradry, absolute), and dry toluene
(99.85%, extradry over a molecular sieve) were purchased from Acros
Organics. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mn = 10 000) was purchased from Fluka. Ethanol (99.8%) was purchased
from Fisher Chemicals. Urea (≥99.5%) and (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane
(APTMS, 97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetic acid (100%)
was purchased from Carl Roth. MEthanol (≥99.85%) was purchased
from Chemsolute. Benzaldehyde (purified by redistillation, ≥99.5%),
ethyl cyanoacetate (≥98%), p-chloroBenzaldehyde
(97%), p-tolualdehyde (97%), and biphenyl-4-carboxaldehyde
(99%) were purchased from Aldrich. p-Anisaldehyde
was purchased from TCI. PEEK tubes (1/4 in. outer diameter ×
3.17 mm inner diameter, 50 cm length) were purchased from BGB Analytik.
PTFE shrink tubes (shrink rate 4:1) were purchased from AUTEC GmbH.
All chemicals were used without further purification.
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